NURS 8022 EXAM 1 |COMPLETE QUESTIONS WITH EXPERT SOLUTIONS| 2026
LATEST UPDATED| A+
1. Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas:
Negative Feedback
2. Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade: Positive
Feedback
3. ________ provide selectivity to a membrane: Proteins
4. __________ are channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second messengers: Integral proteins
5. _____ are Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediators: Peripheral proteins
6. ____ is converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups have
abundant energy: ATP
7. ______ occurs down a concentration gradient; from HIGH to LOW concentration. will not occur if the
membrane is non permeable to the molecule: Simple/passive diffusion
8. Complete cessation of respirations and circulationÏ
Algor mortis: Reduced temperatureÏ
Livor mortis: Purple skin discolorationÏ
Rigor mortis: Muscle stiffeningÏ
Postmortem autolysis: Putrefactive changes associated with the release of Ï enzymes and lytic dissolution: Somatic
Death 9. 1. Concentration difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy): Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion (3)
, 10. _____ is the passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of low solute concentration to high
solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID): Osmosis
11. Action in which molecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a concentration;
DIRECT USE OF ENERGY: Primary Active Transport
12. Action in which transport is driven by the energy STORED in the concentration gradient of another molecule
(Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY: Secondary
Active Transport
13 __________ is the carrier protein located on the plasma membrane of all cells; enzyme that converts ATP to ADP to
release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy: Na+- K+ ATPase (also known as the sodium-potassium pump)
14. __________ maintains a low cytosolic Ca2+ concentration: Ca2+ ATPase
15. __________ is found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion) and intercalated cells of renal tubules
(controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold: H+ ATPase
16. (3) Sodium is pumped out of the cell. (2) potassium is pumped in. This action is called _______.: Sodium
Potassium Pump
17. Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+).
This action is called _______.: Secondary Active Transport; Co-transport
18. Substance is transported in the opposite direction as the driver ion Na+.
This action is called _______.: Counter transport
19. How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility?: Increase intracellular Ca2+
20. ________ are determined by size, shape, distribution of charge: ungated Ion Channels
LATEST UPDATED| A+
1. Promotes stability; cancels out the original response. Ex: High FSBS, increased insulin by the pancreas:
Negative Feedback
2. Promotes a change in one direction; instability, DISEASE. Ex: Blood clotting, platelet cascade: Positive
Feedback
3. ________ provide selectivity to a membrane: Proteins
4. __________ are channels, pores, carriers, enzymes, receptors, second messengers: Integral proteins
5. _____ are Enzymes, intracellular, signal mediators: Peripheral proteins
6. ____ is converted to ADP to produce energy; chemical bonds between 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups have
abundant energy: ATP
7. ______ occurs down a concentration gradient; from HIGH to LOW concentration. will not occur if the
membrane is non permeable to the molecule: Simple/passive diffusion
8. Complete cessation of respirations and circulationÏ
Algor mortis: Reduced temperatureÏ
Livor mortis: Purple skin discolorationÏ
Rigor mortis: Muscle stiffeningÏ
Postmortem autolysis: Putrefactive changes associated with the release of Ï enzymes and lytic dissolution: Somatic
Death 9. 1. Concentration difference (high to low)
2. Electrical Potential (EMF)- charge difference on each side of the membrane matters TOO!
3. Pressure difference (higher pressure results in increased energy): Factors that affect the net rate of diffusion (3)
, 10. _____ is the passive transport of fluid across a membrane; from an area of low solute concentration to high
solute concentration (high FLUID to low FLUID): Osmosis
11. Action in which molecules are "pumped" against ("uphill") a concentration;
DIRECT USE OF ENERGY: Primary Active Transport
12. Action in which transport is driven by the energy STORED in the concentration gradient of another molecule
(Na+); INDIRECT USE OF ENERGY: Secondary
Active Transport
13 __________ is the carrier protein located on the plasma membrane of all cells; enzyme that converts ATP to ADP to
release energy
-Important role in regulating osmotic balance
-Requires one to two thirds of cells energy: Na+- K+ ATPase (also known as the sodium-potassium pump)
14. __________ maintains a low cytosolic Ca2+ concentration: Ca2+ ATPase
15. __________ is found in parietal cells of gastric glands (HCl secretion) and intercalated cells of renal tubules
(controls blood pH)
- Concentrates H+ ions up to 1 million-fold: H+ ATPase
16. (3) Sodium is pumped out of the cell. (2) potassium is pumped in. This action is called _______.: Sodium
Potassium Pump
17. Substance is transported in the same direction as the "driver" ion (Na+).
This action is called _______.: Secondary Active Transport; Co-transport
18. Substance is transported in the opposite direction as the driver ion Na+.
This action is called _______.: Counter transport
19. How do cardiac glycosides increase cardiac contractility?: Increase intracellular Ca2+
20. ________ are determined by size, shape, distribution of charge: ungated Ion Channels
