ADULT CRITICAL CARE SPECIALTY (ACCS)
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Normal Urine Output
40-80 mL/hr
Normal CVP
2-6 mmHg
Orthostatic Hypotension
Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes
from lying to sitting or standing positions
Causes of Peripheral Edema
CHF, pulmonary hypertension, venous insufficiency, renal failure
Finger Clubbing
enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes
commonly associated with pulmonary disease
Kyphosis
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
,Causes of asymmetrical chest movements
Atelectasis, pneumothorax, flail chest (paradoxical), Intubated patient
with one lung
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
a distinct pattern of breathing characterized by quickening and
deepening respirations followed by a period of apnea lasting up to 60
seconds
Causes of Cheyne-Stokes breathing:
Increased ICP, Meningitis, Drug overdose
Kussmaul respirations
very deep, labored breathing, irregular rhythm
Causes of Kussmaul's breathing:
hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, DKA
Pulsus Paradoxus
beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with
expiration. May indicate cardiac tamponade or status asthmaticus or
hypovolemia.
Tracheal Deviation: Pulled to Abnormal Side
atelectasis, fibrosis, pneumonectomy, paralysis
Tracheal Deviation: Pulled to Normal Side
Pleural effusions, tension pneumothorax, neck tumors, large
mediastinal mass
Rhonchi indicates
, obstruction of larger airways by secretions
Fine Crackles Indicates
Fluid in alveoli
- CHF or pulmonary edema
Pleural Rub Indicates:
Inflamed surfaces of visceral and parietal pleura. TB, pneumonia,
cancer.
PetCO2 as exhaled CO2 %
3-5%
Normal PetCO2 Range
34-36 mm Hg
Calculate Alveolar Minute Ventilation
(Vt-Vd) * f = VA
Normal Deadspace to Tidal Volume Ratio
20-40%, up to 60% for ventilated patients
Large differences between the calculated and measured values of
oxygen saturation may be due to:
Elevated carbon monoxide levels
Heart Contractility:
the ability of the myocardial fibers to shorten during systole. Ability for
the heart to stretch
Preload:
STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Normal Urine Output
40-80 mL/hr
Normal CVP
2-6 mmHg
Orthostatic Hypotension
Decrease in blood pressure related to positional or postural changes
from lying to sitting or standing positions
Causes of Peripheral Edema
CHF, pulmonary hypertension, venous insufficiency, renal failure
Finger Clubbing
enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes
commonly associated with pulmonary disease
Kyphosis
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.
Scoliosis
abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
,Causes of asymmetrical chest movements
Atelectasis, pneumothorax, flail chest (paradoxical), Intubated patient
with one lung
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
a distinct pattern of breathing characterized by quickening and
deepening respirations followed by a period of apnea lasting up to 60
seconds
Causes of Cheyne-Stokes breathing:
Increased ICP, Meningitis, Drug overdose
Kussmaul respirations
very deep, labored breathing, irregular rhythm
Causes of Kussmaul's breathing:
hypoxemia, metabolic acidosis, renal failure, DKA
Pulsus Paradoxus
beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with
expiration. May indicate cardiac tamponade or status asthmaticus or
hypovolemia.
Tracheal Deviation: Pulled to Abnormal Side
atelectasis, fibrosis, pneumonectomy, paralysis
Tracheal Deviation: Pulled to Normal Side
Pleural effusions, tension pneumothorax, neck tumors, large
mediastinal mass
Rhonchi indicates
, obstruction of larger airways by secretions
Fine Crackles Indicates
Fluid in alveoli
- CHF or pulmonary edema
Pleural Rub Indicates:
Inflamed surfaces of visceral and parietal pleura. TB, pneumonia,
cancer.
PetCO2 as exhaled CO2 %
3-5%
Normal PetCO2 Range
34-36 mm Hg
Calculate Alveolar Minute Ventilation
(Vt-Vd) * f = VA
Normal Deadspace to Tidal Volume Ratio
20-40%, up to 60% for ventilated patients
Large differences between the calculated and measured values of
oxygen saturation may be due to:
Elevated carbon monoxide levels
Heart Contractility:
the ability of the myocardial fibers to shorten during systole. Ability for
the heart to stretch
Preload:
