NSG 318 FINAL EXAM DRUGS QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026

NSG 318 FINAL EXAM DRUGS QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2026 Epinephrine - Answers Class: Adrenergic Agonist Use: Anaphylactic shock, bronchospasms, cardiac arrest - can cause cardiac abnormalities - can cause hyperglycemia - don't use if pregnant! Albuterol - Answers Class: Beta2 Adrenergic Agonist Use: Asthma, bronchospasm - can cause tremors, muscle cramps - can cause hypokalemia - caution w/ milk protein sensitivity Atenolol - Answers Class: Beta 1 Adrenergic Antagonist Use: Hypertension, angina Action: suppresses RAA, blocks beta-adrenergic receptor sites. - cool extremities - erectile dysfunction - take pulse daily Bethanechol (Urecholine) - Answers Class: Cholinergic Agonist (parasympathomimetic) Use: urinary retention - causes contraction of the bladder and bronchoconstriction - reposition slowly (blurred vision, bronchoconstriction) Atropine - Answers Class: Anticholinergic Use: reduces salivation, pre-op, increase HR, dilates pupils - urinary retention - Stevens-Johnson syndrome - eye drops, avoid hot environments, wear sunglasses Alprazolam (Xanax) - Answers Class: Benzodiazepine Use: Anxiety and panic disorders - CNS depressor - can cause dependence - Antidote: flumazenil Zolpidem (Ambien) - Answers Class: Non-benzodiazepine: Sedative-hypnotic Use: Insomnia - sleep-related behaviors (sleepwalking) - bed alarm - no driving Phenytoin - Answers Class: Hydantoin (anti-convulsant) Use: tonic-clonic and partial seizures - THREE P's: gingival hyperPlasia, Purple glove syndrome, Pregnancy - Therapeutic range: 10-20 mg/dL Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) - Answers Class: Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxant Use: short-term treatment of muscle spasms - anticholinergic effects - CNS effects - don't take with MAOI's Lorazepam (Ativan) - Answers Class: Benzodiazepine Use: anxiety, sedation induction, insomnia - CNS effects: no driving, alcohol, or CNS depressants - Gradually decrease! Withdrawal symptoms can show in 2-10 days and may last weeks. Fluoxetine (Prozac) - Answers Class: SSRI Use: depression, bipolar, bulimia, OCD, panic disorder, etc. - increases serotonin in nerve cells - NO grapefruit juice - NO MAOI, can cause Serotonin Syndrome Aspirin - Answers Class: Salicylate Use: Anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anti-pyretic. - Therapeutic range: 15-30 mg/dL - tinnitus - Reye's Syndrome if given to kids with flu or virus symptoms Ibuprofen - Answers Class: Propionic Acid Derivative Use: Pain, arthritis - inhibits prostaglandin synthesis - most widely used NSAID - increased bleeding with warfarin Celecoxib (Celebrex) - Answers Class: Selective Cox-2 Inhibitor Use: arthritis, pain, dysmenorrhea - selectively inhibits Cox-2 - CNS effects - GI distress/ulceration Infliximab (Remicade) - Answers Class: Immunomodulator Use: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, arthritis - binds to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) - administered as IV over at least 2 hours Allopurinol - Answers Class: Anti-Gout - decreases uric acid synthesis - increase fluid intake - yearly eye exams Acetaminophen - Answers Class: Analgesic Use: aches and pain, fever - inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, does NOT cause GI distress - max dose 4 g/day, 2 g/day if taken regularly - NO alcohol! Indomethacin (Indocin) - Answers Class: NSAID: Para-chlorobenzoic Acid Use: mild-severe pain, gout, arthritis - don't take if you have an aspirin allergy! - dizziness, headache, GI distress Ketorolac (Toradol) - Answers Class: Phenylacetic Acid Derivative Use: short-term pain management or = 5 DAYS - CNS effects - bleeding and perforation - elevated hepatic enzyme levels Tramadol (Ultram) - Answers Class: Opioid Agonist Use: moderate-severe pain - GI, CNS w/ anxiety - DON'T USE w/ alcoholism, other opioids, or CNS depressants Morphine Sulfate - Answers Class: Opioid Use: moderate and severe pain, suppresses pain impulses and respirations - CNS effects, euphoria - urinary retention - DEPENDENCE Fentanyl - Answers Class: Opioid Use: moderate-severe pain, anesthesia, induction + maintenance - 100x more potent than morphine and longer duration Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) - Answers Class: Opioid Use: moderate-severe pain - 6x more potent than morphine - faster onset and shorter duration than morphine Oxycodone (Oxycontin) - Answers Class: Opioid Use: moderate-severe pain - 1.5-2x stronger than morphine - taper off - do not discontinue abruptly - take w/ food to avoid GI distress Oxycodone w/ acetaminophen (Percocet) - Answers Class: Opioid Use: moderate-severe pain - take w/ food - same side effects as oxycodone and acetaminophen Nalbuphine (Nubain) - Answers Class: Opioid Agonist-Antagonist Use: moderate-severe pain, anasthesia induction + maintenance - CNS & GI effects - check bowel sounds and movements Sumatriptan (Imitrex) - Answers Class: Anti-migraine Use: migraine and cluster headaches - causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries - can cause seizures - suicidal ideation Digoxin - Answers Class: Cardiac Glycoside Use: heart failure, a-fib - increases cardiac contractility, output, and perfusion, decreases rate - can cause hypokalemia, vision issues - THERAPEUTIC LEVEL: 0.5-1 ng/mL - ANTIDOTE: digoxin immune fab - if HR is 60, DON'T GIVE. - eat more K+ Nitroglycerin - Answers Class: Antianginal Use: angina - decreases myocardial demand for oxygen - can cause orthostatic hypotension (administer for the first time sitting or lying down) - can cause circulatory collapse Diltiazem - Answers Class: Calcium Channel Blocker Use: decreases cardiac workload to help w/ atrial dysrhythmias and hypertension - inhibits calcium ion transport - can cause acute angina w/ abrupt withdrawal - ANTIDOTE: atropine! Hydrochlorothiazide - Answers Class: Thiazide diuretic Use: increase urine output, treat hypertension and edema - promotes excretion in the distal tubules - can cause HYPOtension - can cause hypokalemia Furosemide - Answers Class: Loop diuretic Use: hypertension, heart failure, edema - DON'T USE w a hypersensitivity to sulfanomides - can cause hypokalemia - tinnitus - ADMINISTER SLOWLY to prevent hearing loss Spironolactone - Answers Class: Potassium-sparing diuretic Use: edema, ascites, hypertension - promotes potassium retention - interacts w/ potassium supplements (can cause hyperkalemia) - use with ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia Metoprolol - Answers Class: Beta Blocker Use: hypertension, angina, acute MI - can cause tinnitus - can cause erectile dysfunction - can cause bradycardia and HYPOtension Prazosin hydrochloride - Answers Class: Antihypertensive: Alpha-adrenergic blocker Use: hypertension - dilates peripheral blood vessels - tinnitus, erectile dysfunction - can cause rebound hypertension - WEEKLY BP readings