NR-283 COMPLETE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
PRACTICE
(BSN-LEVEL / WALDEN) MULTIPLE-
CHOICES EXAM WITH CLEAR
RATIONALES Q&A
SECTION I: Cellular Injury & Inflammation
Question 1
Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Short duration
C. Macrophages and lymphocytes
D. Absence of tissue damage
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Chronic inflammation involves macrophages, lymphocytes, and ongoing tissue injury.
Question 2
Fever develops during infection due to:
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,A. Histamine release
B. Pyrogen-induced hypothalamic reset
C. Vasodilation
D. Increased metabolic rate
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Pyrogens reset the hypothalamic temperature set point.
Question 3
Which cellular change is considered reversible injury?
A. Cell membrane rupture
B. Nuclear fragmentation
C. Cellular swelling
D. Apoptosis
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Cellular swelling occurs due to failure of the sodium-potassium pump and is reversible if
oxygenation is restored.
Question 4
Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A. Causes inflammation
B. Is uncontrolled
C. Is programmed cell death
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, D. Results from ischemia
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a regulated, programmed process that does not trigger inflammation.
Question 5
Which mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation during inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Platelets
C. Fibrin
D. Complement
✅ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Histamine increases vascular permeability and vasodilation early in inflammation.
SECTION II: Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid–Base Balance
Question 6
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely with excessive vomiting?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
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PRACTICE
(BSN-LEVEL / WALDEN) MULTIPLE-
CHOICES EXAM WITH CLEAR
RATIONALES Q&A
SECTION I: Cellular Injury & Inflammation
Question 1
Chronic inflammation is characterized by:
A. Neutrophil predominance
B. Short duration
C. Macrophages and lymphocytes
D. Absence of tissue damage
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Chronic inflammation involves macrophages, lymphocytes, and ongoing tissue injury.
Question 2
Fever develops during infection due to:
Page 1 of 16
,A. Histamine release
B. Pyrogen-induced hypothalamic reset
C. Vasodilation
D. Increased metabolic rate
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
Pyrogens reset the hypothalamic temperature set point.
Question 3
Which cellular change is considered reversible injury?
A. Cell membrane rupture
B. Nuclear fragmentation
C. Cellular swelling
D. Apoptosis
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Cellular swelling occurs due to failure of the sodium-potassium pump and is reversible if
oxygenation is restored.
Question 4
Apoptosis differs from necrosis because apoptosis:
A. Causes inflammation
B. Is uncontrolled
C. Is programmed cell death
Page 2 of 16
, D. Results from ischemia
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Apoptosis is a regulated, programmed process that does not trigger inflammation.
Question 5
Which mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation during inflammation?
A. Histamine
B. Platelets
C. Fibrin
D. Complement
✅ Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Histamine increases vascular permeability and vasodilation early in inflammation.
SECTION II: Fluid, Electrolyte, & Acid–Base Balance
Question 6
Which electrolyte imbalance is most likely with excessive vomiting?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypernatremia
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Page 3 of 16
