HDFS 210 Exam 2 Newest Questions
With Questions And Answers
2026/2027|Graded A+
What are the two main methods researchers use to study human development? - ANSWER>1. Correlation- Ex.
researchers have found that children who watch a lot of aggression on television tend to be more aggressive than
their peers who don't. Does this mean that TV watching causes violence? *REMEMBER* correlations reveal the
existence and the extent of relationships, but do not necessarily indicate what causes what
2. Experimental- Carefully controlled study of cause and effect through manipulation of the conditions to which
participants are exposed. Participants are randomly assigned to condition (experimental group and control group).
Ex. Is Drug X effective in treating anxiety? Participants are randomly distributed (Independent Variable= the
presence or absence of the drug. Dependent Variable= level of anxiety). Did the drug cause a difference?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of each method (correlation vs. experimental)? - ANSWER>-Hard to
conduct true experimental studies
What are longitudinal studies and how do they measure developmental change? - ANSWER>-Longitudinal study-
observations of people of one cohort repeatedly over time.
-Strengths: provides developmental data on individual; can link events and later outcomes
-Weaknesses: time consuming and expensive; selective attrition may yield a non-representational sample
,How does measurement of change differ between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies? - ANSWER>Cross-
sectional: groups of children who differ in age are studied at the same point in time
What prior studies demonstrated the need for ethical regulations and why? - ANSWER>-Milgram study (1961)- Yale
study of 40 men and participants gave shocks to 'students' when they answered wrong. shocks from 30-450 volts
(supposed to be lethal but shocks were fake)
-Stanford Prison Study (1971)- 24 college students participated for a experiment planned for two weeks but only
lasted 6 days. Guards became sadistic and prisoners became depressed
Why are ethical regulations important for studies with human subjects? - ANSWER>1. Respect for individual-
individuals as autonomous, protection for those with diminished autonomy
2. Beneficence (do not harm)- Maximize benefits and minimize risks
3. Justice- Fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research
What are the ethical guidelines that researchers are required to follow? - ANSWER>1. Minimize risks to participants
(physical and psychological)
2. Inform individuals of research purpose so they can decide if they want to participate
, 3. Avoid deception or debrief as soon as possible
4. Anonymous or confidential results to maintain privacy
Neurons and Glia - ANSWER>-Neurons: send and receive electrical signals (we have 86 billion)
-Glia Cells: structural and metabolic support for neurons
Parts of the nerve cell; synaptic communication - ANSWER>???
Lobes of the brain and general functions of each - ANSWER>-Frontal Lobe
-Parietal Lobe
-Occipital Lobe
-Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe - ANSWER>self-regulation, problem solving, goal setting, social cognition, judgment, voluntary
movement. Damage: dramatic changes in personality, impaired judgment, impaired regulation of emotion. Phineas
Gage
With Questions And Answers
2026/2027|Graded A+
What are the two main methods researchers use to study human development? - ANSWER>1. Correlation- Ex.
researchers have found that children who watch a lot of aggression on television tend to be more aggressive than
their peers who don't. Does this mean that TV watching causes violence? *REMEMBER* correlations reveal the
existence and the extent of relationships, but do not necessarily indicate what causes what
2. Experimental- Carefully controlled study of cause and effect through manipulation of the conditions to which
participants are exposed. Participants are randomly assigned to condition (experimental group and control group).
Ex. Is Drug X effective in treating anxiety? Participants are randomly distributed (Independent Variable= the
presence or absence of the drug. Dependent Variable= level of anxiety). Did the drug cause a difference?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of each method (correlation vs. experimental)? - ANSWER>-Hard to
conduct true experimental studies
What are longitudinal studies and how do they measure developmental change? - ANSWER>-Longitudinal study-
observations of people of one cohort repeatedly over time.
-Strengths: provides developmental data on individual; can link events and later outcomes
-Weaknesses: time consuming and expensive; selective attrition may yield a non-representational sample
,How does measurement of change differ between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies? - ANSWER>Cross-
sectional: groups of children who differ in age are studied at the same point in time
What prior studies demonstrated the need for ethical regulations and why? - ANSWER>-Milgram study (1961)- Yale
study of 40 men and participants gave shocks to 'students' when they answered wrong. shocks from 30-450 volts
(supposed to be lethal but shocks were fake)
-Stanford Prison Study (1971)- 24 college students participated for a experiment planned for two weeks but only
lasted 6 days. Guards became sadistic and prisoners became depressed
Why are ethical regulations important for studies with human subjects? - ANSWER>1. Respect for individual-
individuals as autonomous, protection for those with diminished autonomy
2. Beneficence (do not harm)- Maximize benefits and minimize risks
3. Justice- Fair distribution of the burdens and benefits of research
What are the ethical guidelines that researchers are required to follow? - ANSWER>1. Minimize risks to participants
(physical and psychological)
2. Inform individuals of research purpose so they can decide if they want to participate
, 3. Avoid deception or debrief as soon as possible
4. Anonymous or confidential results to maintain privacy
Neurons and Glia - ANSWER>-Neurons: send and receive electrical signals (we have 86 billion)
-Glia Cells: structural and metabolic support for neurons
Parts of the nerve cell; synaptic communication - ANSWER>???
Lobes of the brain and general functions of each - ANSWER>-Frontal Lobe
-Parietal Lobe
-Occipital Lobe
-Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe - ANSWER>self-regulation, problem solving, goal setting, social cognition, judgment, voluntary
movement. Damage: dramatic changes in personality, impaired judgment, impaired regulation of emotion. Phineas
Gage
