PSY 357 GCU Exam 2 Study Guide (Ch. 6,8,9,10,11)
Newest 2026 Questions and Correct Detailed Answers
Already Graded A+
What is the concrete operational stage? CORRECT ANSWER-Can perform
mental operations- actions that can be performed on objects or ideas to yield
consistent results.
Mental operations are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-can't
deal well with abstract or hypothetical problems
Give an example of the concrete operational period. CORRECT ANSWER-a
child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken away, the amount of
something will stay the same.
What is the formal operational stage? CORRECT ANSWER-· Can reason
abstractly and hypothetically
· Use deductive reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a given
number of items can be arranged.
,give an example of the formal operational period. CORRECT ANSWER-mixing
clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to identify which liquids
produce the color red
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? CORRECT ANSWER-
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are some criticisms about Piaget's theory of Cognitive Development?
CORRECT ANSWER-· Piaget's theory underestimates cognitive competence in
infants and young children and overestimates cognitive competence in
adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural environment on
cognitive development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research proves
him wrong. We can increase our capacity, but not our intelligence.
, Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who emphasizes
changes in memory efficiency CORRECT ANSWER-Working memory(WM)-
temporary storage and use of information that one needs to perform a task. Ex:
looking up and dialing a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the
first time is stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a
test, info will go back into working memory while applying the memorized info on
the test.
· Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent and of
unlimited capacity
- Information is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it when
needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effective learning and memory strategies such as
rehearsal
Older children use more effective learning and memory strategies, including
taking notes/keeping a calendar, organization(structuring new info into related
categories), and elaboration(making new info memorable by embellishing it)
Understand Gardener's theory of Multiple Intelligences and know each
intelligence in detail CORRECT ANSWER-1-3: linguistic, logical-mathematical,
spatial
Newest 2026 Questions and Correct Detailed Answers
Already Graded A+
What is the concrete operational stage? CORRECT ANSWER-Can perform
mental operations- actions that can be performed on objects or ideas to yield
consistent results.
Mental operations are limited to concrete problems in the here and now-can't
deal well with abstract or hypothetical problems
Give an example of the concrete operational period. CORRECT ANSWER-a
child unconsciously recognizing if nothing is added or taken away, the amount of
something will stay the same.
What is the formal operational stage? CORRECT ANSWER-· Can reason
abstractly and hypothetically
· Use deductive reasoning to draw logical conclusions from the facts
Engage in combinatorial reasoning to generate all the different ways a given
number of items can be arranged.
,give an example of the formal operational period. CORRECT ANSWER-mixing
clear liquids in various beaker through trial and error to identify which liquids
produce the color red
What are Piaget's stages of cognitive development? CORRECT ANSWER-
Sensorimotor (0-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete (7-11)
Formal (11+)
What are some criticisms about Piaget's theory of Cognitive Development?
CORRECT ANSWER-· Piaget's theory underestimates cognitive competence in
infants and young children and overestimates cognitive competence in
adolescents
· Piaget's theory is vague concerning processes and mechanisms of change
· Piaget's stage model does not account for variability in children's performance
· Piaget's theory undervalues the influence of the sociocultural environment on
cognitive development
· He thought the older you get, the more intelligent you get but research proves
him wrong. We can increase our capacity, but not our intelligence.
, Understand how memory works (where things are stored) and who emphasizes
changes in memory efficiency CORRECT ANSWER-Working memory(WM)-
temporary storage and use of information that one needs to perform a task. Ex:
looking up and dialing a new phone number. Anything you are learning for the
first time is stored here. If you choose to store it in long term to reuse later on a
test, info will go back into working memory while applying the memorized info on
the test.
· Limited in capacity and how long it lasts
Long term memory(LTM): the storehouse for memory that is permanent and of
unlimited capacity
- Information is transferred into LTM, stored in it and retrieved from it when
needed
7 to 8 year olds use less effective learning and memory strategies such as
rehearsal
Older children use more effective learning and memory strategies, including
taking notes/keeping a calendar, organization(structuring new info into related
categories), and elaboration(making new info memorable by embellishing it)
Understand Gardener's theory of Multiple Intelligences and know each
intelligence in detail CORRECT ANSWER-1-3: linguistic, logical-mathematical,
spatial
