1. State: A political organization with population, territory, government, and sovereignty.
2. Government: Institution responsible for making and enforcing laws.
3. Democracy: Government by the people, directly or through representatives.
4. Separation of Powers: Division of government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
5. Rule of Law: Everyone is subject to the law, including leaders.
6. Constitution: Supreme law of a country.
7. Political Parties: Groups seeking political power through elections.
8. Elections: Process of choosing public officials.
9. Human Rights: Fundamental rights and freedoms of all individuals.
10. International Relations: Interactions among states and global organizations.