NSCA CSCS LATEST 2026 EXAMS SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔A 17 year old high school cross-country runner has been training aerobically for six
months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will
occur in the muscles during that time?
increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes
hyperplasia of Type II fibers
transformation from Type I to Type II fibers
hypertrophy of Type 1 fibers - ✔✔hypertrophy of Type I fibers
✔✔The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the
cardiac output
a-v O2 difference
heart rate
stroke volume - ✔✔stroke volume
✔✔Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise
session?
end-diastolic volume
cardiac contractility
cardiac output
,diastolic blood pressure - ✔✔diastolic blood pressure
✔✔The mean arterial pressure is defines as the
average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
average systolic blood pressure during exericse
average of blood pressure and heart rate - ✔✔average blood pressure throughout the
cardiac cycle
✔✔Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the
following?
1. increased maximal oxygen uptake
2. decreased blood lactate concentration
3. increased running economy
4. decreased capillary density
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only - ✔✔c. 1, 2, and 3 only
✔✔An 8-year-old boy dramatically increased his upper body strength after following a
six-month resistance training program. Which of the following is MOST likely
responsible for this gain?
increased number of muscle fibers
enhanced cross-sectional area
greater muscle density
improved neuromuscular functioning - ✔✔improved neuromuscular functioning
✔✔Growth cartilage in children is located at all of the following EXCEPT the
diaphysis
epiphyseal plate
joint surface
apophyseal insertion - ✔✔diaphysis
✔✔The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD below the
young adult mean is called
sarcopenia
osteopenia
osteoporosis
, scoliosis - ✔✔osteoporosis
✔✔Which of the following should be evaluated FIRST when one is designing a training
program for a 68-year-old competitive tennis player?
cardiovascular fitness
lower body strength
balance and agility
medical history - ✔✔medical history
✔✔Deconditioned female college athletes who participate in sports such as basketball
and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the
back
knee
wrist
neck - ✔✔knee
✔✔An Olympic weightlifter attempting a personal record is able to ignore the audience
to concentrate solely on her performance. Which of the following abilities is this athlete
most likely using to perform the exercise?
selective attention
somatic anxiety
guided discovery
self-efficacy - ✔✔selective attention
✔✔An athlete's desire to perform to his or her potential is an example of
motive to avoid failure
autogenic training
selective attention
achievement motivation - ✔✔achievement motivation
✔✔For a high school American football team, if any player squats two times his body
weight, his name is placed on the wall. This is an example of
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment - ✔✔positive reinforcement
✔✔How does an athlete's optimal level of arousal change with limited skill and ability to
perform the activity?
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔A 17 year old high school cross-country runner has been training aerobically for six
months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will
occur in the muscles during that time?
increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes
hyperplasia of Type II fibers
transformation from Type I to Type II fibers
hypertrophy of Type 1 fibers - ✔✔hypertrophy of Type I fibers
✔✔The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the
cardiac output
a-v O2 difference
heart rate
stroke volume - ✔✔stroke volume
✔✔Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise
session?
end-diastolic volume
cardiac contractility
cardiac output
,diastolic blood pressure - ✔✔diastolic blood pressure
✔✔The mean arterial pressure is defines as the
average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
average systolic blood pressure during exericse
average of blood pressure and heart rate - ✔✔average blood pressure throughout the
cardiac cycle
✔✔Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the
following?
1. increased maximal oxygen uptake
2. decreased blood lactate concentration
3. increased running economy
4. decreased capillary density
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only - ✔✔c. 1, 2, and 3 only
✔✔An 8-year-old boy dramatically increased his upper body strength after following a
six-month resistance training program. Which of the following is MOST likely
responsible for this gain?
increased number of muscle fibers
enhanced cross-sectional area
greater muscle density
improved neuromuscular functioning - ✔✔improved neuromuscular functioning
✔✔Growth cartilage in children is located at all of the following EXCEPT the
diaphysis
epiphyseal plate
joint surface
apophyseal insertion - ✔✔diaphysis
✔✔The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD below the
young adult mean is called
sarcopenia
osteopenia
osteoporosis
, scoliosis - ✔✔osteoporosis
✔✔Which of the following should be evaluated FIRST when one is designing a training
program for a 68-year-old competitive tennis player?
cardiovascular fitness
lower body strength
balance and agility
medical history - ✔✔medical history
✔✔Deconditioned female college athletes who participate in sports such as basketball
and soccer appear to be at increased risk for developing injuries to the
back
knee
wrist
neck - ✔✔knee
✔✔An Olympic weightlifter attempting a personal record is able to ignore the audience
to concentrate solely on her performance. Which of the following abilities is this athlete
most likely using to perform the exercise?
selective attention
somatic anxiety
guided discovery
self-efficacy - ✔✔selective attention
✔✔An athlete's desire to perform to his or her potential is an example of
motive to avoid failure
autogenic training
selective attention
achievement motivation - ✔✔achievement motivation
✔✔For a high school American football team, if any player squats two times his body
weight, his name is placed on the wall. This is an example of
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
negative punishment
positive punishment - ✔✔positive reinforcement
✔✔How does an athlete's optimal level of arousal change with limited skill and ability to
perform the activity?
