NUR 100/NUR100 Final Exam V3 |
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer 0.5 g of a medication to a patient. The pharmacy
provides the medication in 250 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer?
A. 1 tablet
B. 4 tablets
C. 3 tablets
D. 2 tablets
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The nurse must first convert grams to milligrams to ensure the units
match. Since 1 gram equals 1000 milligrams, 0.5 grams is equal to 500 milligrams. Dividing
the prescribed 500 mg by the 250 mg available per tablet results in 2 tablets.
2. Which pharmacokinetic process is primarily affected when a drug is administered orally
and passes through the liver before reaching systemic circulation?
A. Distribution
B. First-pass effect
C. Excretion
,D. Absorption
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when drugs are metabolized in the liver
after being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and before reaching the rest of the
body. This process significantly reduces the bioavailability of certain medications.
Understanding this effect is crucial for determining the correct dosage and route of
administration.
3. A patient is prescribed warfarin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Which
laboratory value should the nurse monitor to assess the effectiveness of this therapy?
A. INR
B. PTT
C. Platelet count
D. Creatinine
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standard test used to
monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy. A therapeutic range is typically between 2.0
and 3.0 for most indications. Frequent monitoring is essential to prevent both bleeding and
clotting complications in the patient.
, 4. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin. The patient reports seeing yellow halos
around lights and has a heart rate of 52 beats per minute. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer the next dose as scheduled
B. Encourage the patient to drink more fluids
C. Notify the provider of potential digoxin toxicity
D. Document the findings as normal side effects
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Yellow halos and bradycardia are classic signs of digoxin toxicity
which can be life-threatening. The nurse should immediately withhold the medication and
contact the healthcare provider for further instructions. Digoxin levels and electrolytes,
especially potassium, should be assessed promptly.
5. A patient who is taking an ACE inhibitor for hypertension develops a persistent, dry cough.
What should the nurse explain to the patient?
A. The cough is a sign of an upper respiratory infection
B. This is a common side effect due to the accumulation of bradykinin
C. The patient should increase their fluid intake to soothe the throat
D. The medication should be stopped immediately without consulting a doctor
Correct Answer: B
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. A nurse is preparing to administer 0.5 g of a medication to a patient. The pharmacy
provides the medication in 250 mg tablets. How many tablets should the nurse administer?
A. 1 tablet
B. 4 tablets
C. 3 tablets
D. 2 tablets
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The nurse must first convert grams to milligrams to ensure the units
match. Since 1 gram equals 1000 milligrams, 0.5 grams is equal to 500 milligrams. Dividing
the prescribed 500 mg by the 250 mg available per tablet results in 2 tablets.
2. Which pharmacokinetic process is primarily affected when a drug is administered orally
and passes through the liver before reaching systemic circulation?
A. Distribution
B. First-pass effect
C. Excretion
,D. Absorption
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when drugs are metabolized in the liver
after being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and before reaching the rest of the
body. This process significantly reduces the bioavailability of certain medications.
Understanding this effect is crucial for determining the correct dosage and route of
administration.
3. A patient is prescribed warfarin for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis. Which
laboratory value should the nurse monitor to assess the effectiveness of this therapy?
A. INR
B. PTT
C. Platelet count
D. Creatinine
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is the standard test used to
monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy. A therapeutic range is typically between 2.0
and 3.0 for most indications. Frequent monitoring is essential to prevent both bleeding and
clotting complications in the patient.
, 4. A nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin. The patient reports seeing yellow halos
around lights and has a heart rate of 52 beats per minute. What is the nurse’s priority action?
A. Administer the next dose as scheduled
B. Encourage the patient to drink more fluids
C. Notify the provider of potential digoxin toxicity
D. Document the findings as normal side effects
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: Yellow halos and bradycardia are classic signs of digoxin toxicity
which can be life-threatening. The nurse should immediately withhold the medication and
contact the healthcare provider for further instructions. Digoxin levels and electrolytes,
especially potassium, should be assessed promptly.
5. A patient who is taking an ACE inhibitor for hypertension develops a persistent, dry cough.
What should the nurse explain to the patient?
A. The cough is a sign of an upper respiratory infection
B. This is a common side effect due to the accumulation of bradykinin
C. The patient should increase their fluid intake to soothe the throat
D. The medication should be stopped immediately without consulting a doctor
Correct Answer: B
