NUR 100/NUR100 Exam 1 V2 |
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the nurse gathering data about a patient’s
current medications and allergies?
A. Implementation
B. Assessment
C. Diagnosis
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The assessment phase is the first step in the nursing process where
the nurse collects subjective and objective data. This data collection is vital for identifying
potential drug interactions and allergy risks before administration. A thorough assessment
provides the foundation for all subsequent nursing decisions and patient safety protocols.
2. The nurse is administering a medication that has a high first-pass effect. Which route of
administration would be most affected by this phenomenon?
A. Oral
B. Sublingual
C. Intravenous
,D. Subcutaneous
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver
before reaching systemic circulation, which happens primarily with oral medications.
Drugs administered intravenously or sublingually bypass this initial hepatic metabolism,
leading to higher bioavailability. Understanding this concept is crucial for nurses to
recognize why oral doses are often much higher than parenteral doses for the same drug.
3. A drug’s half-life is defined as the time required for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease by:
A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The half-life of a drug is the time necessary for the plasma
concentration of the drug to be reduced by exactly one-half. This measurement helps
clinicians determine the frequency of dosing required to maintain therapeutic levels. It also
helps in predicting how long it will take for a drug to be completely eliminated from the
body once discontinued.
, 4. Which pregnancy category indicates that there is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but
the benefits may outweigh the risks in certain situations?
A. Category A
B. Category D
C. Category B
D. Category X
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Category D drugs have demonstrated a clear risk to the fetus based
on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience. However, these
drugs might be used in life-threatening situations where safer alternatives are unavailable.
Nurses must provide education and monitor patients closely when Category D medications
are prescribed during pregnancy.
5. The nurse understands that ‘pharmacodynamics’ refers to:
A. What the body does to the drug.
B. How the drug moves through the body.
C. What the drug does to the body.
D. The study of drug absorption and excretion.
Correct Answer: C
Pharmacology Q&A with Rationale | Fortis
College
1. Which phase of the nursing process involves the nurse gathering data about a patient’s
current medications and allergies?
A. Implementation
B. Assessment
C. Diagnosis
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: The assessment phase is the first step in the nursing process where
the nurse collects subjective and objective data. This data collection is vital for identifying
potential drug interactions and allergy risks before administration. A thorough assessment
provides the foundation for all subsequent nursing decisions and patient safety protocols.
2. The nurse is administering a medication that has a high first-pass effect. Which route of
administration would be most affected by this phenomenon?
A. Oral
B. Sublingual
C. Intravenous
,D. Subcutaneous
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is metabolized by the liver
before reaching systemic circulation, which happens primarily with oral medications.
Drugs administered intravenously or sublingually bypass this initial hepatic metabolism,
leading to higher bioavailability. Understanding this concept is crucial for nurses to
recognize why oral doses are often much higher than parenteral doses for the same drug.
3. A drug’s half-life is defined as the time required for the amount of drug in the body to
decrease by:
A. 25%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Correct Answer: C
Expert Explanation: The half-life of a drug is the time necessary for the plasma
concentration of the drug to be reduced by exactly one-half. This measurement helps
clinicians determine the frequency of dosing required to maintain therapeutic levels. It also
helps in predicting how long it will take for a drug to be completely eliminated from the
body once discontinued.
, 4. Which pregnancy category indicates that there is positive evidence of human fetal risk, but
the benefits may outweigh the risks in certain situations?
A. Category A
B. Category D
C. Category B
D. Category X
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: Category D drugs have demonstrated a clear risk to the fetus based
on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience. However, these
drugs might be used in life-threatening situations where safer alternatives are unavailable.
Nurses must provide education and monitor patients closely when Category D medications
are prescribed during pregnancy.
5. The nurse understands that ‘pharmacodynamics’ refers to:
A. What the body does to the drug.
B. How the drug moves through the body.
C. What the drug does to the body.
D. The study of drug absorption and excretion.
Correct Answer: C
