APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Exam comprehensive questions and
verified answers ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026
EXAM UPDATE
What is a hormone and how does it act? - (ANSWER)Hormones are chemical messengers that are
responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on
target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - (ANSWER)a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only
neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? - (ANSWER)A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - (ANSWER)A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the
bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? - (ANSWER)A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? - (ANSWER)mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? - (ANSWER)center of brain
Where are the reproductive organs located? - (ANSWER)abdomen; pelvic
Where is the pituitary gland located? - (ANSWER)sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located? - (ANSWER)on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - (ANSWER)posterior to the stomach
,APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Exam comprehensive questions and
verified answers ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026
EXAM UPDATE
What are the two steroid hormones? - (ANSWER)Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen
and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones - (ANSWER)-diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones. - (ANSWER)Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The
endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell.
Hormone combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular
changes produce the hormone's effects.
How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? - (ANSWER)The anterior
pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to
the posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the
hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving
messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - (ANSWER)Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones - (ANSWER)stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
anterior pituitary hormones - (ANSWER)ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones
from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries and stimulate
production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Exam comprehensive questions and
verified answers ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026
EXAM UPDATE
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
posterior pituitary hormones - (ANSWER)ADH - reduces volume of water that kidneys secrete
Oxytocin - smooth muscle contraction and allows contraction of the uterus during childbirth and may
stimulate the movement of certain fluids in the male reproductive tract during sexual activity
Thyroid hormones - (ANSWER)Calcitonin - controls blood calcium and phosphate ion concentration
Thyroxine(T4) - more prevalent in circulation
Triiodothyronine(T3) - more potent than T4
Parathyroid hormones - (ANSWER)PTH - increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases blood
phosphate ion concentration through actions in the bones, kidneys, and intestines
adrenal medulla hormones - (ANSWER)epinephrine and norepinephrine - increase heart rate, BP,
breathing, decrease digestion
adrenal cortex hormones - (ANSWER)Aldosterone - helps regulate concentration of sodium and
potassium ions
Cortisol - affects glucose metabolism and influences proteins and fat metabolism
Pancreas hormones - (ANSWER)Glucagon - stimulates liver to break down glycogen into glucose
Insulin - stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose
Somatostatin - helps regulate glucose metabolism by inhibiting secretion of glucagon and insulin
verified answers ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026
EXAM UPDATE
What is a hormone and how does it act? - (ANSWER)Hormones are chemical messengers that are
responsible for regulation. They are secreted into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific actions on
target tissues, which are any tissue that has specific receptors for that particular hormone.
What is a paracrine gland? - (ANSWER)a secretion that enters interstitial fluid but affects only
neighboring cells
What is an autocrine gland? - (ANSWER)A secretion that only affects the secreting cell.
What is an endocrine gland? - (ANSWER)A gland that secretes a substance (a hormone) into the
bloodstream and act on target cells
What is an exocrine gland? - (ANSWER)A ducted gland that produces a secretion onto a body surface.
Where is the thymus located? - (ANSWER)mediastinum; behind the sternum
Where is the pineal gland located? - (ANSWER)center of brain
Where are the reproductive organs located? - (ANSWER)abdomen; pelvic
Where is the pituitary gland located? - (ANSWER)sella turcica of the sphenoid bone; base of the brain
Where are the adrenal glands located? - (ANSWER)on top of each kidney
Where is the pancreas located? - (ANSWER)posterior to the stomach
,APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Exam comprehensive questions and
verified answers ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026
EXAM UPDATE
What are the two steroid hormones? - (ANSWER)Sex hormones and adrenal cortex hormones; estrogen
and testosterone
Describe steroid hormones - (ANSWER)-diffuse through cell membranes into cytoplasm or nucleus
-combine with a receptor molecule binding to DNA
-promote transcription of mRNA
-mRNA enters cytoplasm directing protein synthesis
Describe non-steroid hormones. - (ANSWER)Amines, proteins, peptides, and glycoproteins. The
endocrine gland secretes nonsteroid hormones, which body fluid carries hormone to its target cell.
Hormone combines with receptor site on membrane of its target cell, activating G protein. Cellular
changes produce the hormone's effects.
How is the anterior pituitary gland different than the posterior pituitary gland? - (ANSWER)The anterior
pituitary becomes an endocrine gland producing and secreting hormones for the body and connects to
the posterior pituitary when fully formed. Meanwhile, the posterior pituitary remains connected to the
hypothalamus, functioning as a repository for hormones produced by the hypothalamus and receiving
messages from it that regulate when hormones are to be released to and through the anterior pituitary
What regulates pituitary gland secretion? - (ANSWER)Hypothalamus
Describe tropic hormones - (ANSWER)stimulate other endocrine glands to release hormones
anterior pituitary hormones - (ANSWER)ACTH - controls manufacture and secretion of certain hormones
from the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
FSH - controls growth and development of follicles that house egg cells in ovaries and stimulate
production of sperm cells in the testes.
GH - stimulates cells to enlarge and more rapidly divide
, APHY 102 Midterm Exam - Ivy Tech Exam comprehensive questions and
verified answers ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!! Graded A+ | 2025|2026
EXAM UPDATE
LH - promotes secretion of sex hormones and allows release of egg cells from ovaries
PRL - promotes milk production
TSH - controls secretion of certain hormones from the thyroid
posterior pituitary hormones - (ANSWER)ADH - reduces volume of water that kidneys secrete
Oxytocin - smooth muscle contraction and allows contraction of the uterus during childbirth and may
stimulate the movement of certain fluids in the male reproductive tract during sexual activity
Thyroid hormones - (ANSWER)Calcitonin - controls blood calcium and phosphate ion concentration
Thyroxine(T4) - more prevalent in circulation
Triiodothyronine(T3) - more potent than T4
Parathyroid hormones - (ANSWER)PTH - increases blood calcium ion concentration and decreases blood
phosphate ion concentration through actions in the bones, kidneys, and intestines
adrenal medulla hormones - (ANSWER)epinephrine and norepinephrine - increase heart rate, BP,
breathing, decrease digestion
adrenal cortex hormones - (ANSWER)Aldosterone - helps regulate concentration of sodium and
potassium ions
Cortisol - affects glucose metabolism and influences proteins and fat metabolism
Pancreas hormones - (ANSWER)Glucagon - stimulates liver to break down glycogen into glucose
Insulin - stimulates the liver to form glycogen from glucose
Somatostatin - helps regulate glucose metabolism by inhibiting secretion of glucagon and insulin
