COUN 502: Gladding (Ch. 1-6 & 12) Exam
Questions With Complete Answers
Counseling as a profession grew out of... - ANSWER the progressive guidance
movement of the early 1900s.
The Progressive Guidance Movement focused on: - ANSWER prevention and
purposefulness on helping individuals of all ages and stages avoid making bad
choices in life while finding meaning, etc.
Counseling is: - ANSWER (def.) a professional relationship that empowers
diverse individuals, families & groups to accomplish mental health wellness,
education, and career goals (20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling)
- Counseling deals with wellness, personal growth, career, education, and
employment
- Counseling is conducted with persons individually, in groups, and in families
- Counseling is diverse and multicultural
- Counseling is a dynamic process
Guidance focuses on: - ANSWER helping people make important choices that
affect their lives, such as choosing a preferred lifestyle
Difference between counseling and guidance: - ANSWER guidance focuses on
helping individuals choose what they value most, whereas counseling helps
them make changes
Focus of psychotherapy (or therapy) - ANSWER serious problems associated
with intrapsychic disorders (such as delusions or hallucinations) internal
conflicts; personality issues (such as dependency or inadequacy in working with
others)
Emphasis of psychotherapy - ANSWER especially analytically based therapy,
(a) the past more than the present,
(b) insight more than change,
(c) the detachment of the therapist,
(d) the therapist's role as an expert
long-term relationship - ANSWER 20 to 40 sessions over a period of 6 months to
2 years
,20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling consortium - ANSWER defined
counseling
Inpatient settings - ANSWER residential setting for psychotherapy such as
mental hospitals
Outpatient settings - ANSWER nonresidential setting for psychotherapy such as
community agencies
Purpose of Counseling: - ANSWER -> helping individuals avoid bad choices,
while finding meaning, direction and fulfillment.-> mental and physical health
Counseling deals with: - ANSWER -wellness
-personal growth
-career
-education
-empowerment
Counseling is conducted with: - ANSWER persons individually, in groups, and in
families
Counseling is... - ANSWER diverse & multicultural; it is a dynamic process that
involves choices and changes
Counseling Specialty - ANSWER According to ACA, is an area (within
counseling) that is "narrowly focused, requiring advanced knowledge in the
field" of counseling
The effectiveness of a counselor and of counseling depends on numerous
variables, including - ANSWER - the personality and background of the
counselor;
- the formal education of the counselor; and
- the ability of the counselor to engage in professional counseling-related
activities
According to Guy (1987), dysfunctional (negative) motivators for becoming a
counselor include the following: - ANSWER • Emotional distress—individuals
who have unresolved personal traumas
• Vicarious coping—persons who live their lives through others rather than have
meaningful lives of their own
• Loneliness and isolation—individuals who do not have friends and seek them
through counseling experiences
• A desire for power—people who feel frightened and impotent in their lives and
seek to control others
• A need for love—individuals who are narcissistic and grandiose and believe
that all problems are resolved through the expression of love and tenderness
,• Vicarious rebellion—persons who have unresolved anger and act out their
thoughts and feelings through their clients' defiant behaviors
Personal Qualities of an Effective Counselor (According to Foster, 1996 and
Guy, 1987) - ANSWER • Curiosity and inquisitiveness—a natural interest in
people
• Ability to listen—the ability to find listening stimulating
• Comfort with conversation—enjoyment of verbal exchanges
• Empathy and understanding—the ability to put oneself in another's place, even
if that person is totally different from you
• Emotional insightfulness—comfort dealing with a wide range of feelings, from
anger to joy
• Introspection—the ability to see or feel from within
• Capacity for self-denial—the ability to set aside personal needs to listen and
take care of others' needs first
• Tolerance of intimacy—the ability to sustain emotional closeness
• Comfort with power—the acceptance of power with a certain degree of
detachment
• Ability to laugh—the capability of seeing the bittersweet quality of life events
and the humor in them
In addition to personal
"alonetime" - ANSWER an intentional practice of devoting periods in their lives
to silence and solitude and reflectivity; these are times when they improve self-
awareness, renew self-care, and practice gratitude
Wounded healer - ANSWER -Individuals who have been hurt and have been able
to transcend their pain and gain insight into themselves and the world can be
helpful to others who struggle to overcome emotional problems
-The ability to work from a perspective of resolved emotional experience that
has sensitized a person to self and others in a helpful way
-Coined by Rollo May
-"Counselors who have experienced painful life events and have adjusted
positively can usually connect and be authentic with clients in distress"
Qualities of an Effective Counselors Over Time include the following: - ANSWER •
Intellectual competence—the desire and ability to learn as well as think fast and
creatively
• Energy—the ability to be active in sessions and sustain that activity even when
one sees a number of clients in a row
• Flexibility—the ability to adapt what one does to meet clients' needs
• Support—the capacity to encourage clients in making their own decisions
while helping to engender hope
• Goodwill—the desire to work on behalf of clients in a constructive way that
ethically promotes independence
, • Self-awareness—a knowledge of self, including attitudes, values, and feelings
and the ability to recognize how and what factors affect oneself (Hansen, 2009)
Synchronicity - ANSWER -Carl Jung defined as two simultaneous events that
occur coincidentally [and that] result in a meaningful connection
-is perhaps the most productive way for counselors to perceive and deal with
unexpected life experiences
Besides finding meaning in potentially problematic areas, other strategies
counselors use for coping with crisis situations include: - ANSWER remaining
objective, accepting and confronting situations, asserting their own wishes,
participating in a wellness lifestyle, and grieving
Compassion fatigue is: - ANSWER indifference and apathy to those who are
suffering, as result of frequent or overexposure to people in need; an inability to
react sympathetically or empathetically to a crisis or need situation
Burnout consists of three components: - ANSWER emotional and physical
exhaustion, cynicism, and decreased perceived efficacy
Those who have burnout describe it as: - ANSWER a state of being emotionally
or physically drained to the point that one cannot perform functions
meaningfully
What are the most common negative personal consequences of working as a
counselor? - ANSWER Burnout and compassion fatigue
Ways that counselors can avoid or treat compassion
fatigue and burnout include the following: - ANSWER • Associate with healthy
individuals
• Work with committed colleagues and organizations that have a sense of
mission
• Be reasonably committed to a theory of counseling
• Use stress-reduction exercises
• Modify environmental stressors
• Engage in self-assessment (i.e., identify stressors and relaxers)
• Periodically examine and clarify counseling roles, expectations, and beliefs
(i.e., work smarter, not necessarily longer)
• Obtain personal therapy
• Set aside free and private time (i.e., balance one's lifestyle)
• Maintain an attitude of detached concern when working with clients
• Retain an attitude of hope
The three levels of helping relationships are: - ANSWER 1) Nonprofessional
helpers - (informal) involves no specific educational requirements
Questions With Complete Answers
Counseling as a profession grew out of... - ANSWER the progressive guidance
movement of the early 1900s.
The Progressive Guidance Movement focused on: - ANSWER prevention and
purposefulness on helping individuals of all ages and stages avoid making bad
choices in life while finding meaning, etc.
Counseling is: - ANSWER (def.) a professional relationship that empowers
diverse individuals, families & groups to accomplish mental health wellness,
education, and career goals (20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling)
- Counseling deals with wellness, personal growth, career, education, and
employment
- Counseling is conducted with persons individually, in groups, and in families
- Counseling is diverse and multicultural
- Counseling is a dynamic process
Guidance focuses on: - ANSWER helping people make important choices that
affect their lives, such as choosing a preferred lifestyle
Difference between counseling and guidance: - ANSWER guidance focuses on
helping individuals choose what they value most, whereas counseling helps
them make changes
Focus of psychotherapy (or therapy) - ANSWER serious problems associated
with intrapsychic disorders (such as delusions or hallucinations) internal
conflicts; personality issues (such as dependency or inadequacy in working with
others)
Emphasis of psychotherapy - ANSWER especially analytically based therapy,
(a) the past more than the present,
(b) insight more than change,
(c) the detachment of the therapist,
(d) the therapist's role as an expert
long-term relationship - ANSWER 20 to 40 sessions over a period of 6 months to
2 years
,20/20: A Vision for the Future of Counseling consortium - ANSWER defined
counseling
Inpatient settings - ANSWER residential setting for psychotherapy such as
mental hospitals
Outpatient settings - ANSWER nonresidential setting for psychotherapy such as
community agencies
Purpose of Counseling: - ANSWER -> helping individuals avoid bad choices,
while finding meaning, direction and fulfillment.-> mental and physical health
Counseling deals with: - ANSWER -wellness
-personal growth
-career
-education
-empowerment
Counseling is conducted with: - ANSWER persons individually, in groups, and in
families
Counseling is... - ANSWER diverse & multicultural; it is a dynamic process that
involves choices and changes
Counseling Specialty - ANSWER According to ACA, is an area (within
counseling) that is "narrowly focused, requiring advanced knowledge in the
field" of counseling
The effectiveness of a counselor and of counseling depends on numerous
variables, including - ANSWER - the personality and background of the
counselor;
- the formal education of the counselor; and
- the ability of the counselor to engage in professional counseling-related
activities
According to Guy (1987), dysfunctional (negative) motivators for becoming a
counselor include the following: - ANSWER • Emotional distress—individuals
who have unresolved personal traumas
• Vicarious coping—persons who live their lives through others rather than have
meaningful lives of their own
• Loneliness and isolation—individuals who do not have friends and seek them
through counseling experiences
• A desire for power—people who feel frightened and impotent in their lives and
seek to control others
• A need for love—individuals who are narcissistic and grandiose and believe
that all problems are resolved through the expression of love and tenderness
,• Vicarious rebellion—persons who have unresolved anger and act out their
thoughts and feelings through their clients' defiant behaviors
Personal Qualities of an Effective Counselor (According to Foster, 1996 and
Guy, 1987) - ANSWER • Curiosity and inquisitiveness—a natural interest in
people
• Ability to listen—the ability to find listening stimulating
• Comfort with conversation—enjoyment of verbal exchanges
• Empathy and understanding—the ability to put oneself in another's place, even
if that person is totally different from you
• Emotional insightfulness—comfort dealing with a wide range of feelings, from
anger to joy
• Introspection—the ability to see or feel from within
• Capacity for self-denial—the ability to set aside personal needs to listen and
take care of others' needs first
• Tolerance of intimacy—the ability to sustain emotional closeness
• Comfort with power—the acceptance of power with a certain degree of
detachment
• Ability to laugh—the capability of seeing the bittersweet quality of life events
and the humor in them
In addition to personal
"alonetime" - ANSWER an intentional practice of devoting periods in their lives
to silence and solitude and reflectivity; these are times when they improve self-
awareness, renew self-care, and practice gratitude
Wounded healer - ANSWER -Individuals who have been hurt and have been able
to transcend their pain and gain insight into themselves and the world can be
helpful to others who struggle to overcome emotional problems
-The ability to work from a perspective of resolved emotional experience that
has sensitized a person to self and others in a helpful way
-Coined by Rollo May
-"Counselors who have experienced painful life events and have adjusted
positively can usually connect and be authentic with clients in distress"
Qualities of an Effective Counselors Over Time include the following: - ANSWER •
Intellectual competence—the desire and ability to learn as well as think fast and
creatively
• Energy—the ability to be active in sessions and sustain that activity even when
one sees a number of clients in a row
• Flexibility—the ability to adapt what one does to meet clients' needs
• Support—the capacity to encourage clients in making their own decisions
while helping to engender hope
• Goodwill—the desire to work on behalf of clients in a constructive way that
ethically promotes independence
, • Self-awareness—a knowledge of self, including attitudes, values, and feelings
and the ability to recognize how and what factors affect oneself (Hansen, 2009)
Synchronicity - ANSWER -Carl Jung defined as two simultaneous events that
occur coincidentally [and that] result in a meaningful connection
-is perhaps the most productive way for counselors to perceive and deal with
unexpected life experiences
Besides finding meaning in potentially problematic areas, other strategies
counselors use for coping with crisis situations include: - ANSWER remaining
objective, accepting and confronting situations, asserting their own wishes,
participating in a wellness lifestyle, and grieving
Compassion fatigue is: - ANSWER indifference and apathy to those who are
suffering, as result of frequent or overexposure to people in need; an inability to
react sympathetically or empathetically to a crisis or need situation
Burnout consists of three components: - ANSWER emotional and physical
exhaustion, cynicism, and decreased perceived efficacy
Those who have burnout describe it as: - ANSWER a state of being emotionally
or physically drained to the point that one cannot perform functions
meaningfully
What are the most common negative personal consequences of working as a
counselor? - ANSWER Burnout and compassion fatigue
Ways that counselors can avoid or treat compassion
fatigue and burnout include the following: - ANSWER • Associate with healthy
individuals
• Work with committed colleagues and organizations that have a sense of
mission
• Be reasonably committed to a theory of counseling
• Use stress-reduction exercises
• Modify environmental stressors
• Engage in self-assessment (i.e., identify stressors and relaxers)
• Periodically examine and clarify counseling roles, expectations, and beliefs
(i.e., work smarter, not necessarily longer)
• Obtain personal therapy
• Set aside free and private time (i.e., balance one's lifestyle)
• Maintain an attitude of detached concern when working with clients
• Retain an attitude of hope
The three levels of helping relationships are: - ANSWER 1) Nonprofessional
helpers - (informal) involves no specific educational requirements
