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Samenvatting van Colleges + Aantekeningen van Branding, Image & Identity

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Een samenvatting van alle colleges, met veel aantekeningen bij deze colleges.

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Branding, Image & Identity
Inhoud
HC 1 - Wat is een merk?.........................................................................................................................2
HC 2 - Persoonlijkheidsbenadering.........................................................................................................5
HC 3 – Economische benadering............................................................................................................9
HC 4 – Economische benadering (2).....................................................................................................13
HC 5 – Identiteitsbenadering................................................................................................................17
HC 7 – Identiteitsbenadering (2)...........................................................................................................24
HC 8 – Consumentenbenadering..........................................................................................................28
HC 11 – Rationele benadering..............................................................................................................33
HC 12 – Communitybenadering............................................................................................................36
HC 13 – Communitybenadering (2)......................................................................................................40
HC 14 – Culturele benadering...............................................................................................................44
HC 16 – Sensorische benadering..........................................................................................................47

,HC 1 - Wat is een merk?
 Branding verwijst naar een merkteken. Merkteken werd vroeger daadwerkelijk gebrand. VB:
Vee, van welke boer is deze koe & wijnvaten, waar komt de wijn vandaan
 Om je te onderscheiden, voor herkenning (merknaam & logo). Snel herkennen waar een
product vandaan komt. VB: Deze koe is van de buurman, deze auto is een volkswagen
 Logo verwijst naar organisatie/product.

“A name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of them… which is intended to identify the
goods or services of one seller or a group of sellers… and to differentiate them from those of
competitors.” - AMA 1960



Organisaties om een merk te versterken:

 4 p’s (om een sterk merk te maken).
- Product: VB: Product is beter.
- Price: Moet toegankelijk zijn, maar ook waarde
creëren (daarom soms duurder), behoefte creëren.
VB: Iphone eerst duurder, dan steeds goedkoper
- Place: Waar is het te koop/toegankelijkheid (retailers, eigen winkels).
- Promotion: Marketing.
 Later toegevoegd:
- People: Goede mensen aannemen die een verschil maken.
- Process: Procedures, mechanismen waardoor een dienst word verleend (customer
journey).
- Physical environment: Fysieke omgeving, aantrekkelijke omgeving.



Merken worden ‘geladen’ met betekenis:

Creëren van een netwerk van associaties. Ideeën bij
een bepaald merk.

 Strategie, hoe wil een merk gezien worden?
 Bouwen aan een imago.




Imago = Perceptions about the brand as reflected by the brand associations held in customer
memory.

Reputatie = A more long-term gathering of impressions and evaluations of image stored in the long-
term memory of consumers and stakeholders.

 Herstelt zich na een reputatiecrisis vaak weer snel.




2

,Merken gaan verder dan imago…

 Bepaalde merkervaring bieden. VB: Guiness experience, legoland, flagshipstores, luxe
verpakkingen, Efteling
- Efteling, niet alleen ervaring, ook extentials (theater, hotel, vakantiepark, merchandise)
hierdoor ook andere producten kopen met het idee dezelfde ervaring te hebben.



7 mijlslaarzen door de geschiedenis van branding:

1) Producent of Eigenaar
2) Imago, Kennis, Associaties
3) Gevoelens, Ervaringen, Waarden



Doel van merkcommunicatie:

 Merkwaarde creëeren.
 Brand Equity = A consumer perceives a brand’s equity as the value added to the functional
product or service by associatng it with the brand name.



Wie geeft betekenis aan het merk?

 Traditionele benadering is dat organisaties dat creëren. Doordat zij consistent een bepaald
imago uitdragen.



2 Paradigma’s in branding:

1. Positivistische benadering = Merkmanagers bouwen zelf brand equity op. Doordat zij
consistent een bepaald imago uitdragen. (Traditioneel)
2. Interpretatieve benadering = Mensen geven zelf betekenis. Bepalen zelf wat iets betekend.
Wijkt soms erg af van wat de marketeers probeerden neer te zetten. VB: Lonsdale &
Neonazi’s
 Daarom soms samenwerken met de consument.




3

, Eigentijdse definitie van een merk:

 A brand is a customer experience represented by a collection of images and ideas; often; it
refers to a symbol such as a name, logo, slogan, and design scheme.
 Brand recognition and other reactions are created by the accumulation of experiences with
the specific product of service, both directly relating to its use, and through the influence of
advertising, design, and media commentary. A brand often includes an explicit logo, fonts,
color schemes, symbols, sound which may be developed to represent implicit values, ideas,
and even personality.



Historische ontwikkeling Branding (8 benaderingen):




4

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