Coun 502: Gerig-(Ch. 1-8 & 10) Exam
Questions With Accurate Answers
ACA's definition of professional counseling: - ANSWER The application of mental
health, psychological, or human development principles, through cognitive,
affective, behavioral, or systemic intervention strategies that address wellness,
personal growth, or career development, as well as pathology
Lewis, Lewis, Daniels, and D'Andrea (2003) definition of "community
counseling": - ANSWER A comprehensive helping framework of intervention
strategies and services that promotes the personal development and well-being
of all individuals and communities
Their model contains four categories of service components provided by
community counselors which are: - ANSWER (a) direct client services
(b) indirect client services
(c) direct community services
(d) indirect community services
What is 20/20? - ANSWER 20/20 goal is to address the issues of disparate
licensure titles and scopes of practice, and to develop "a strategic plan for
optimal positioning of the counseling profession in the year 2020
Definition of counseling that emerged from the 20/20 process:ACA's (2010)
definition of professional counseling that emerged from the 20/20 process: -
ANSWER A professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals,
families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and
career goals
Clinical Mental Health Counseling - ANSWER Can be understood as the
specialization of counseling that applies wellness and remedial approaches to
the assessment and treatment of individuals and their related systems within
relevant ecological contexts
Ecological Model (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) - ANSWER · Provides the theoretical
foundation for guiding both the assessment and intervention strategies
implemented by mental health counselors
· All persons develop within an ecological context
· Thus, case conceptualization, when conducted by mental health counselors,
considers the multiple levels of the client's environment
,· Individuals are not assessed or treated as if they are isolated or autonomous
from the larger social system
Four organizations are very important in understanding the professional
identities of licensed mental health and professional counselors, that include: -
ANSWER the American Counseling Association (ACA), American Mental Health
Counselors Association (AMHCA), National Board for Certified Counselors
(NBCC), and Counsel for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational
Programs (CACREP)
American Counseling Association (ACA): - ANSWER Is the organization that
represents the interests of professional counselors in general
American Mental Health Counseling Association (AMHCA): - ANSWER Is the
premier professional organization representing the interests and serving the
needs of clinical mental health counselors
· It seeks to train and promote excellence in practitioners
· Reduce stigma among persons with mental illness
· Foster well-being in consumers of mental health services
· Both ACA and AMHCA have chapters at the state level
National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC): - ANSWER Is an independent
corporation whose purpose is to certify professionals who meet standards to
qualify as certified counselors
· NBCC has certified more than 55,000 counselors who have demonstrated
knowledge and skills at a minimum competency level in specific areas of study
deemed foundational for all professional counselors regardless of specialization
-National certification is voluntary, nonstatutory credential that verifies that the
professional has met certain professional standards
Professionals can qualify for specialty certification in three areas: - ANSWER 1.
Mental health counseling
2. School counseling
3. Addictions counseling
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
(CACREP): - ANSWER was established in 1981 by ACA; is an independent
accrediting body recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation
· Created by the ACA and its divisions "to develop, implement, and maintain
standards of
preparation for the counseling profession's graduate-level programs"
Clinical Mental Health Professions include: - ANSWER Psychiatrists,
psychologists, social workers, and marriage and family therapists
,Psychiatrists are: - ANSWER physicians, typically holding doctorates in
medicine (MDs), who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
mental illness
Psychologists are: - ANSWER doctorally trained professionals who assess,
diagnose, and treat mental illness and emotional distress
Social work can be defined as: - ANSWER a helping profession that works with
individuals, groups, or communities to enhance or restore their sense of well-
being
Social Workers - ANSWER provide important services to individuals, groups,
and families by doing one ore more of the following:
1) assisting in linking people to tangible services,
2) providing counseling,
3) helping communities to provide and improve health and social services, and
4) advocating for the inclusion of social work principles and values in relevant
legislative processes
Marriage and Family Therapists are: - ANSWER professionals who diagnose and
treat a wide range of human conditions, including individual psychopathology,
parent-child problems, and marital distress and conflict, within the context of
marriage and family systems
Friedman and Kaslow postulated a six-stage developmental model for
counseling professionals that includes: - ANSWER · Stage 1: Anticipatory stage,
in which new counselors learn they will be meeting with clients; this stage ends
when counselors start to meet with their clinical supervisors
· Stage 2: The dependency stage, is where novice counselors rely heavily on
supervisors for answers
· In stage 3: Counselors continue to rely on their supervisors but are beginning
to move toward independent activity
· At stage 4: Counselors experience the excitement that comes with initiating
autonomous counseling interventions and seeing clients' positive responses
· Stage 5: Counselors develop a sense of identity and autonomy
Stage 6: Counselors have settled into their profession and exhibit calmness and
collegiality
Professional Identity is: - ANSWER the integration of professional training and
personal attributes within the context of a professional community
Counselors-in-training perform three transformational tasks that lead to
professional identity development: - ANSWER · Task 1: Definition of counseling -
takes place as trainees move from definitions that reflect external input to
internalized definitions
, · Task 2: Responsibility for professional growth - involves a gradual shift from a
reliance on an external scaffold that encourages training experiences to
assuming personal responsibility for one's professional development
Task 3: Transformation to a systemic identity - counselors-in-training move from
the predominance of license types and job titles to understanding their
professional identity within the larger context of professional communities and
associations
Genograms are: - ANSWER Structural diagrams that describe a family's three-or
four- generational relationship system
-this technique provides a tool for efficient documentation of individual and
family history, and it also helps clients better understand who they are by
placing them within the context of those from whom they came
Archaeological evidence dating back to 8000 BCE suggested that: - ANSWER
Ancient people recognized the source of abnormal behavior as being within a
person's head
It was hypothesized that the holes in the human skulls were: - ANSWER Made to
provide an exit for the source of the symptoms
Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) is referred to as: - ANSWER The father of medicine
Hippocrates insisted that: - ANSWER abnormal behavior had natural causes and
should be treated like other physically based maladies
Hippocrates related general behavioral tendencies and temperament to the
relative balance of four bodily fluids: - ANSWER blood, black bile, yellow bile,
and phlegm
Hippocrates identified three categories of mental illness: - ANSWER
melancholia, mania, and phrenitis
Hippocrates recommended: - ANSWER a tranquil lifestyle, sobriety, abstinence
from all excesses, a vegetable diet, strenuous exercise, and bloodletting
What did Plato believe regarding mental illness? - ANSWER He contended that
aberrant behaviors resulting from madness were a societal issue that required
community response
Epictetus advocated: - ANSWER Peace of mind; he believed that people were
disturbed not by things, but by the view they took of those things
Epicurus advocated: - ANSWER Hedonism but recognized that such an
approach to life carried with it a risk of pain if the pleasures were withdrawn
Questions With Accurate Answers
ACA's definition of professional counseling: - ANSWER The application of mental
health, psychological, or human development principles, through cognitive,
affective, behavioral, or systemic intervention strategies that address wellness,
personal growth, or career development, as well as pathology
Lewis, Lewis, Daniels, and D'Andrea (2003) definition of "community
counseling": - ANSWER A comprehensive helping framework of intervention
strategies and services that promotes the personal development and well-being
of all individuals and communities
Their model contains four categories of service components provided by
community counselors which are: - ANSWER (a) direct client services
(b) indirect client services
(c) direct community services
(d) indirect community services
What is 20/20? - ANSWER 20/20 goal is to address the issues of disparate
licensure titles and scopes of practice, and to develop "a strategic plan for
optimal positioning of the counseling profession in the year 2020
Definition of counseling that emerged from the 20/20 process:ACA's (2010)
definition of professional counseling that emerged from the 20/20 process: -
ANSWER A professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals,
families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and
career goals
Clinical Mental Health Counseling - ANSWER Can be understood as the
specialization of counseling that applies wellness and remedial approaches to
the assessment and treatment of individuals and their related systems within
relevant ecological contexts
Ecological Model (Bronfenbrenner, 1979) - ANSWER · Provides the theoretical
foundation for guiding both the assessment and intervention strategies
implemented by mental health counselors
· All persons develop within an ecological context
· Thus, case conceptualization, when conducted by mental health counselors,
considers the multiple levels of the client's environment
,· Individuals are not assessed or treated as if they are isolated or autonomous
from the larger social system
Four organizations are very important in understanding the professional
identities of licensed mental health and professional counselors, that include: -
ANSWER the American Counseling Association (ACA), American Mental Health
Counselors Association (AMHCA), National Board for Certified Counselors
(NBCC), and Counsel for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational
Programs (CACREP)
American Counseling Association (ACA): - ANSWER Is the organization that
represents the interests of professional counselors in general
American Mental Health Counseling Association (AMHCA): - ANSWER Is the
premier professional organization representing the interests and serving the
needs of clinical mental health counselors
· It seeks to train and promote excellence in practitioners
· Reduce stigma among persons with mental illness
· Foster well-being in consumers of mental health services
· Both ACA and AMHCA have chapters at the state level
National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC): - ANSWER Is an independent
corporation whose purpose is to certify professionals who meet standards to
qualify as certified counselors
· NBCC has certified more than 55,000 counselors who have demonstrated
knowledge and skills at a minimum competency level in specific areas of study
deemed foundational for all professional counselors regardless of specialization
-National certification is voluntary, nonstatutory credential that verifies that the
professional has met certain professional standards
Professionals can qualify for specialty certification in three areas: - ANSWER 1.
Mental health counseling
2. School counseling
3. Addictions counseling
Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs
(CACREP): - ANSWER was established in 1981 by ACA; is an independent
accrediting body recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation
· Created by the ACA and its divisions "to develop, implement, and maintain
standards of
preparation for the counseling profession's graduate-level programs"
Clinical Mental Health Professions include: - ANSWER Psychiatrists,
psychologists, social workers, and marriage and family therapists
,Psychiatrists are: - ANSWER physicians, typically holding doctorates in
medicine (MDs), who specialize in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of
mental illness
Psychologists are: - ANSWER doctorally trained professionals who assess,
diagnose, and treat mental illness and emotional distress
Social work can be defined as: - ANSWER a helping profession that works with
individuals, groups, or communities to enhance or restore their sense of well-
being
Social Workers - ANSWER provide important services to individuals, groups,
and families by doing one ore more of the following:
1) assisting in linking people to tangible services,
2) providing counseling,
3) helping communities to provide and improve health and social services, and
4) advocating for the inclusion of social work principles and values in relevant
legislative processes
Marriage and Family Therapists are: - ANSWER professionals who diagnose and
treat a wide range of human conditions, including individual psychopathology,
parent-child problems, and marital distress and conflict, within the context of
marriage and family systems
Friedman and Kaslow postulated a six-stage developmental model for
counseling professionals that includes: - ANSWER · Stage 1: Anticipatory stage,
in which new counselors learn they will be meeting with clients; this stage ends
when counselors start to meet with their clinical supervisors
· Stage 2: The dependency stage, is where novice counselors rely heavily on
supervisors for answers
· In stage 3: Counselors continue to rely on their supervisors but are beginning
to move toward independent activity
· At stage 4: Counselors experience the excitement that comes with initiating
autonomous counseling interventions and seeing clients' positive responses
· Stage 5: Counselors develop a sense of identity and autonomy
Stage 6: Counselors have settled into their profession and exhibit calmness and
collegiality
Professional Identity is: - ANSWER the integration of professional training and
personal attributes within the context of a professional community
Counselors-in-training perform three transformational tasks that lead to
professional identity development: - ANSWER · Task 1: Definition of counseling -
takes place as trainees move from definitions that reflect external input to
internalized definitions
, · Task 2: Responsibility for professional growth - involves a gradual shift from a
reliance on an external scaffold that encourages training experiences to
assuming personal responsibility for one's professional development
Task 3: Transformation to a systemic identity - counselors-in-training move from
the predominance of license types and job titles to understanding their
professional identity within the larger context of professional communities and
associations
Genograms are: - ANSWER Structural diagrams that describe a family's three-or
four- generational relationship system
-this technique provides a tool for efficient documentation of individual and
family history, and it also helps clients better understand who they are by
placing them within the context of those from whom they came
Archaeological evidence dating back to 8000 BCE suggested that: - ANSWER
Ancient people recognized the source of abnormal behavior as being within a
person's head
It was hypothesized that the holes in the human skulls were: - ANSWER Made to
provide an exit for the source of the symptoms
Hippocrates (460-377 BCE) is referred to as: - ANSWER The father of medicine
Hippocrates insisted that: - ANSWER abnormal behavior had natural causes and
should be treated like other physically based maladies
Hippocrates related general behavioral tendencies and temperament to the
relative balance of four bodily fluids: - ANSWER blood, black bile, yellow bile,
and phlegm
Hippocrates identified three categories of mental illness: - ANSWER
melancholia, mania, and phrenitis
Hippocrates recommended: - ANSWER a tranquil lifestyle, sobriety, abstinence
from all excesses, a vegetable diet, strenuous exercise, and bloodletting
What did Plato believe regarding mental illness? - ANSWER He contended that
aberrant behaviors resulting from madness were a societal issue that required
community response
Epictetus advocated: - ANSWER Peace of mind; he believed that people were
disturbed not by things, but by the view they took of those things
Epicurus advocated: - ANSWER Hedonism but recognized that such an
approach to life carried with it a risk of pain if the pleasures were withdrawn
