NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
1. Vaccinations and - give inactive agents instead of live agents
immunosuppres- - might not work as effectively
sion. 2 keypoints
2. live virus vaccine Virus:
types - measles
- mumps
- polio (oral)
- rubella
- varicella
- yellow fever
- herpes zoster
Bacteria:
- typhoid
3. inactive vaccine Virus:
virus - Hep A and B
- HPV
- influenza
- polio (subq)
- rabies
Bacteria:
- anthrax
- cholera
- diphteria
- Lyme
- meningococcus
- pertussis
- plague
- pneumococcus
- tetanus
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
4. Immunization all ages, all types (pregnant, diabetes, immunocompromised, etc)
recommenda-
tion influenza
5. Immunization - 1 dose Tdap
recommenda- - no varicella, zoster, MMR
tion pregnancy
and weakened
immune system
6. HIV and vaccina- Give inactive agents when CD4 count is greater than 200 cells/ mm3
tions
7. health screening - BMI
18 - 45 years - BP (q2years)
- at age 20: fasting lipid profile: total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides (cardiac
testing if LDL greater than 200 or HDL lower than 40)
- annual breast exam, females
- Pap-smear annually
8. health screening - blood glucose q3years
45 and up - 50 and up: colorectal screening (digital exam annually, sigmoidscopy q5years,
colonoscopy q10yrs)
- PSA with digital exam annually for males
- mammography q1 -2 yrs
- women 65 and up: screen for osteoporosis
9. top 5 leading 1. heart disease
causes of death 2. cancer
3. respiratory disease
4. stroke
5. accidents
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
10. Conjunctivitis; -Pink eyey
definition - Inflammation of conjuctiva (outer layer of eye)
11. Conjunctivitis: Chemical, bacterial, viral, allergic, herpetic. Adenovirus is the most common cause,
causes but bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) are also
common causes in children.
12. Conjunctivitis: - redness
findings - itching
- discharge
- edema eyelid
- may find gonorrhea or chlamydia in eye discharge
13. Conjunctivitis: - cooling
management - rule out corneal abrasion
- bacteria: antibiotic solution (gentamicin, neomycin)
- chlamydia: oral tetracycline or erythromycin
- gonorrhea: single dose ceftriaxone
- herpes: refer to opthalmologist
14. Corneal abra- - disruption of cornea (clear covering of eye)
sion: definition, - foreign body/ trauma
cause, findings, - pain, redness, photophobia, decreased visual acuity
treatment - ab ointment: gentamicin, sulfacetamide, eye-patch, ophthalmologist
15. diabetic - ocular retinal disease due to DM
retinopathy: - DM, exac by smoking and HTN (macular edema)
definition, cause, - flashing lights in vision, blurred vision, black spots, loss of vision, sustained
findings, glucose greater than 130
treatment - Laser therapy for macular edema, smoking cessation, glucose control, BP control
16. retinal detach- - separation of retina and choroid
ment: definition, - trauma, intraocular mass, iris inflammation, cataract surgery, DM, sickle cell
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
cause, findings, - painless vision changes, blurred vision, light flashes, "curtain" over visual field,
treatment bullous elevation without tears
- ophthalmologist for cryotherapy, laser therapy, vitrectomy. If from trauma: eye
patch
17. Central & Branch - abrupt blockage of retinal artery causing sudden vision loss> will become
Retinal Artery Oc- permanent without intervention
clusion: defini- - thrombosis/ embolism, arteritis (migraine, older age, afib, DM, HTN, coagu-
tion, cause, find- lopathies)
ings, treatment - sudden, painless vision loss, sluggish pupil, cherry-red spot at fovea
- EMERGENCY. Put pressure on eyelid, heparin, immediate consult opthalmolo-
hgist. check coagulopathies, check labs for artherosclerotic disease, blood cul-
tures (endocarditis?),
18. Glaucoma: defin- - progressive visual loss, first peripherally then centrally: chronic open angle or
ition, cause, find- actute closed angle. Optic neuropathy.
ings, treatment - open: too much intraocular fluid production without removal. Secondary from
trauma, tumor, or cataracts. Causes: age, steroids, trauma, family history
- Photophobia, visual blurring, unilateral headache. Increased intraocular pres-
sure.Acute closed: eye pain and visual disturbance with N/V.
- Acute: Emergency. immediate medication and surgery. Chronic: consult opthal-
mologist and monitor. Bimatropost, and beta-blockers. Laser-therapy
19. Bell's Palsy: def- - sudden self-limited unilateral facial paralysis
inition, cause, - Idiopathic. Cranial nerve VII (7), sometimes viral cause (herpes), HTN, DM,
findings, treat- Lyme's
ment - Unilateral paralysis of face (can't close eye, upper and lower face involved),
herpetic lesions, taste disturbances
- artificial tears, steroids (to treat CN 7 inflammation), antivirals
20. otitis externa: def- - inflammation of the outer ear (swimmers ear)
inition, cause, - water, fungi, bacterial, trauma, viral
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
1. Vaccinations and - give inactive agents instead of live agents
immunosuppres- - might not work as effectively
sion. 2 keypoints
2. live virus vaccine Virus:
types - measles
- mumps
- polio (oral)
- rubella
- varicella
- yellow fever
- herpes zoster
Bacteria:
- typhoid
3. inactive vaccine Virus:
virus - Hep A and B
- HPV
- influenza
- polio (subq)
- rabies
Bacteria:
- anthrax
- cholera
- diphteria
- Lyme
- meningococcus
- pertussis
- plague
- pneumococcus
- tetanus
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
4. Immunization all ages, all types (pregnant, diabetes, immunocompromised, etc)
recommenda-
tion influenza
5. Immunization - 1 dose Tdap
recommenda- - no varicella, zoster, MMR
tion pregnancy
and weakened
immune system
6. HIV and vaccina- Give inactive agents when CD4 count is greater than 200 cells/ mm3
tions
7. health screening - BMI
18 - 45 years - BP (q2years)
- at age 20: fasting lipid profile: total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides (cardiac
testing if LDL greater than 200 or HDL lower than 40)
- annual breast exam, females
- Pap-smear annually
8. health screening - blood glucose q3years
45 and up - 50 and up: colorectal screening (digital exam annually, sigmoidscopy q5years,
colonoscopy q10yrs)
- PSA with digital exam annually for males
- mammography q1 -2 yrs
- women 65 and up: screen for osteoporosis
9. top 5 leading 1. heart disease
causes of death 2. cancer
3. respiratory disease
4. stroke
5. accidents
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
10. Conjunctivitis; -Pink eyey
definition - Inflammation of conjuctiva (outer layer of eye)
11. Conjunctivitis: Chemical, bacterial, viral, allergic, herpetic. Adenovirus is the most common cause,
causes but bacteria (Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) are also
common causes in children.
12. Conjunctivitis: - redness
findings - itching
- discharge
- edema eyelid
- may find gonorrhea or chlamydia in eye discharge
13. Conjunctivitis: - cooling
management - rule out corneal abrasion
- bacteria: antibiotic solution (gentamicin, neomycin)
- chlamydia: oral tetracycline or erythromycin
- gonorrhea: single dose ceftriaxone
- herpes: refer to opthalmologist
14. Corneal abra- - disruption of cornea (clear covering of eye)
sion: definition, - foreign body/ trauma
cause, findings, - pain, redness, photophobia, decreased visual acuity
treatment - ab ointment: gentamicin, sulfacetamide, eye-patch, ophthalmologist
15. diabetic - ocular retinal disease due to DM
retinopathy: - DM, exac by smoking and HTN (macular edema)
definition, cause, - flashing lights in vision, blurred vision, black spots, loss of vision, sustained
findings, glucose greater than 130
treatment - Laser therapy for macular edema, smoking cessation, glucose control, BP control
16. retinal detach- - separation of retina and choroid
ment: definition, - trauma, intraocular mass, iris inflammation, cataract surgery, DM, sickle cell
, NRNP 6550 Midterm
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_8mnk26
cause, findings, - painless vision changes, blurred vision, light flashes, "curtain" over visual field,
treatment bullous elevation without tears
- ophthalmologist for cryotherapy, laser therapy, vitrectomy. If from trauma: eye
patch
17. Central & Branch - abrupt blockage of retinal artery causing sudden vision loss> will become
Retinal Artery Oc- permanent without intervention
clusion: defini- - thrombosis/ embolism, arteritis (migraine, older age, afib, DM, HTN, coagu-
tion, cause, find- lopathies)
ings, treatment - sudden, painless vision loss, sluggish pupil, cherry-red spot at fovea
- EMERGENCY. Put pressure on eyelid, heparin, immediate consult opthalmolo-
hgist. check coagulopathies, check labs for artherosclerotic disease, blood cul-
tures (endocarditis?),
18. Glaucoma: defin- - progressive visual loss, first peripherally then centrally: chronic open angle or
ition, cause, find- actute closed angle. Optic neuropathy.
ings, treatment - open: too much intraocular fluid production without removal. Secondary from
trauma, tumor, or cataracts. Causes: age, steroids, trauma, family history
- Photophobia, visual blurring, unilateral headache. Increased intraocular pres-
sure.Acute closed: eye pain and visual disturbance with N/V.
- Acute: Emergency. immediate medication and surgery. Chronic: consult opthal-
mologist and monitor. Bimatropost, and beta-blockers. Laser-therapy
19. Bell's Palsy: def- - sudden self-limited unilateral facial paralysis
inition, cause, - Idiopathic. Cranial nerve VII (7), sometimes viral cause (herpes), HTN, DM,
findings, treat- Lyme's
ment - Unilateral paralysis of face (can't close eye, upper and lower face involved),
herpetic lesions, taste disturbances
- artificial tears, steroids (to treat CN 7 inflammation), antivirals
20. otitis externa: def- - inflammation of the outer ear (swimmers ear)
inition, cause, - water, fungi, bacterial, trauma, viral
