MDCB COMPRENSIVE LATEST EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔A pixel is ___, while a voxel is ___. - ✔✔pixel: 2D
voxel: 3D
✔✔If you increase the number of voxels, what happens to the calc speed? -
✔✔increase number of voxels, then decrease the calc speed
✔✔Mbps stands for ___ while MBps stands for___. - ✔✔Mbps: megabits per second
MBps: megabytes per second
✔✔Discuss the following parameters of this data set size including:
100 images at 2^8 x 2^8 x 7bit depth
-how many pixels in the X direction and the Y direction
-how many shades of grey
-how many Megabits
-how long the data transfer time takes - ✔✔-how many pixels in the X direction and the
Y direction: 2^8 so 256 pixels in both directions
-how many shades of grey: 2^7 so 128
-how many Megabits: multiply it all together: (100)(256)(256)(128)=838,860,800 bits
which is 839Megabits
-how long the data transfer time takes: if dtat transfer rate is 100Mbps, then it would
take 8.39 seconds
✔✔For a 4D image set, what is the total number of images if the 3D image set had 80
slices? - ✔✔Most 4D images have 10 images per slice, so (10)(80)=800
✔✔What is the increased time to calculate a dose if the grid is changed from 5mm to
1mm for X and Y dimensions. - ✔✔(5)(5)=25
(1)(1)=1
,25/1= 25
✔✔What is the increase time to calculate a dose if the grid is changed from 5mm to
1mm for X and Y dimensions and the slice thickness was reduced to 2.5mm from 5mm?
- ✔✔(5)(5)(5)=125
(1)(1)(2.5)=2.5
125/2.5= 50
✔✔1R=___mR=___uR - ✔✔1R= 1,000mR=1 ,000,000uR
✔✔How do you convert dps to dpm? - ✔✔(#dps)(60 seconds)
✔✔DPM is equal to what 3 things? - ✔✔-Disintegration per minute
-CPM if efficiency is 100%
-CPM/efficiency
✔✔What are the two types of states for regulations? - ✔✔-Agreement states: state
governed
-Non-agreement states: Federal(NRC) governed
✔✔The NRC governs___, while the states govern___. - ✔✔NRC: radioactive materials
States: all x-ray devices
✔✔To use a radioactive source, the facility must have a license___. This contains___. -
✔✔must have a license (state or NRC)
contains:
-authorized users (AU)
-authorized medical physicists (AMP)
-sources
-type
-activity limits
-procedures
-equipment
-safety procedures
-emergency procedures
✔✔What does 10 CF part 19 discuss? - ✔✔radiation workers' right and responsibilities
(whistleblower protection) and the number for the regional NRC office
✔✔What does 10 CFR part 20 discuss? - ✔✔radiation regulations on exposure,
contamination, signage, and surveys
✔✔What does 10 CF part 35 discuss? - ✔✔use of a byproduct (radioactive) material
and definition of a medical event
,✔✔What does 10 CF part 71 discuss? - ✔✔dept of transportation regulations
✔✔HDR radioactive materials require __security levels. - ✔✔2
✔✔Leak tests are performed every ___ and have to be less than ___. - ✔✔6 months
0.005uCi
✔✔A source inventory of radioactive materials should be performed how often? -
✔✔every 3 months (quarterly)
✔✔Radioactive waste should be stored for ___half lives. - ✔✔10
✔✔Storage areas that hold radioactive materials should be surveyed how often? -
✔✔quarterly
✔✔According to 10 CFR part 20, what are the annual dose limits for the following:
-TEDE/whole body
-Organ
-Eye
-Extremity
-Minors
-Fetus
-Public
-Cumulative dose
-Planned special exposure (PSE) - ✔✔-TEDE/whole body: 5 rem
-Organ: 50 rem
-Eye: 15 rem
-Extremity: 50 rem
-Minors: 0.5 rem
-Fetus: 0.5 rem
-Public: 0.1 rem
-Cumulative dose: (1rem)(age)
-Planned special exposure (PSE): less than 10 rem
✔✔According to 10 CFR part 20, who should be monitored and wear a radiation badge?
- ✔✔-anyone who is at risk of recieving 10% or more of the annual exposure limit
-anyone who enters a high or very high radiation area
-anyone pregnant or any minors that are at risk of recieving 10% or more of their annual
exposure limit (0.5rem)
✔✔A radiation area should have a "radiation area" sign when the exposure is___. -
✔✔5mRem in 1 hour at 30cm
, ✔✔A radiation area should have a "high radiation area" sign when the exposure is___. -
✔✔100mRem in 1 hour at 30cm
✔✔A radiation area should have a "very high radiation area" sign when the exposure
is___. - ✔✔500 rads in 1 hour at 1 meter
✔✔What is the dose limit for an ALARA level 1 exposure vs an ALARA level 2
exposure? What action is required if these levels are reached? - ✔✔-Level 1:
0.125rem/quarter, must report to RSC committee meeting if this is exceeded
-Level 2: 0.375rem/quarter, must be investigated, monitored, and reported to the RSC
✔✔What are the units for transport index with brachytherapy sources? - ✔✔mR/hr at 1
meter
✔✔When a survey is performed on the outside of a radioactive package, what should
the value be if it is prostate seeds vs an HDR source? - ✔✔-Prostate seeds: <2mR/hr
on surface
-HDR source: <2mR/hr at 1 meter
✔✔When a medical event occurs, who needs to be notified and when? - ✔✔-NRC,
doctor, and pt within 24 hours
-Call NRC within 1 calander day of discovery
-Written report to NRC within 15 days
✔✔According to 10 CFR part 35, what is the definition of a medical event? - ✔✔-dose
differs from rx dose by more than 5 rem effective dose equivalent, 50 rem to an organ or
tissue, or 50 rem shallow dose equivalent to the skin
-total dose delivered differs from rx dose by 20% or more
-total dose delivered differs from rx dose by 20% or more or falls outside of the rx
dosage range
-fractionated dose delivered differs from rx dose for a single fx by 50% or more
✔✔A ___% dose error in brachytherapy is considered a recordable event, whereas a
___dose error is a misadministration. What are examples of these events? - ✔✔10%:
recordable event, not filling out written directive
20%: misadministration, wrong pt/site/or isotope
✔✔When a brachytherapy package is labeled with a white 1 label, what are the
radiation levels? - ✔✔Surface: does not exceed 0.5mrem/hour
At 1 meter: N/A
✔✔When a brachytherapy package is labeled with a yellow 2 label, what are the
radiation levels? - ✔✔Surface: does not exceed 50mrem/hour
AND
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔A pixel is ___, while a voxel is ___. - ✔✔pixel: 2D
voxel: 3D
✔✔If you increase the number of voxels, what happens to the calc speed? -
✔✔increase number of voxels, then decrease the calc speed
✔✔Mbps stands for ___ while MBps stands for___. - ✔✔Mbps: megabits per second
MBps: megabytes per second
✔✔Discuss the following parameters of this data set size including:
100 images at 2^8 x 2^8 x 7bit depth
-how many pixels in the X direction and the Y direction
-how many shades of grey
-how many Megabits
-how long the data transfer time takes - ✔✔-how many pixels in the X direction and the
Y direction: 2^8 so 256 pixels in both directions
-how many shades of grey: 2^7 so 128
-how many Megabits: multiply it all together: (100)(256)(256)(128)=838,860,800 bits
which is 839Megabits
-how long the data transfer time takes: if dtat transfer rate is 100Mbps, then it would
take 8.39 seconds
✔✔For a 4D image set, what is the total number of images if the 3D image set had 80
slices? - ✔✔Most 4D images have 10 images per slice, so (10)(80)=800
✔✔What is the increased time to calculate a dose if the grid is changed from 5mm to
1mm for X and Y dimensions. - ✔✔(5)(5)=25
(1)(1)=1
,25/1= 25
✔✔What is the increase time to calculate a dose if the grid is changed from 5mm to
1mm for X and Y dimensions and the slice thickness was reduced to 2.5mm from 5mm?
- ✔✔(5)(5)(5)=125
(1)(1)(2.5)=2.5
125/2.5= 50
✔✔1R=___mR=___uR - ✔✔1R= 1,000mR=1 ,000,000uR
✔✔How do you convert dps to dpm? - ✔✔(#dps)(60 seconds)
✔✔DPM is equal to what 3 things? - ✔✔-Disintegration per minute
-CPM if efficiency is 100%
-CPM/efficiency
✔✔What are the two types of states for regulations? - ✔✔-Agreement states: state
governed
-Non-agreement states: Federal(NRC) governed
✔✔The NRC governs___, while the states govern___. - ✔✔NRC: radioactive materials
States: all x-ray devices
✔✔To use a radioactive source, the facility must have a license___. This contains___. -
✔✔must have a license (state or NRC)
contains:
-authorized users (AU)
-authorized medical physicists (AMP)
-sources
-type
-activity limits
-procedures
-equipment
-safety procedures
-emergency procedures
✔✔What does 10 CF part 19 discuss? - ✔✔radiation workers' right and responsibilities
(whistleblower protection) and the number for the regional NRC office
✔✔What does 10 CFR part 20 discuss? - ✔✔radiation regulations on exposure,
contamination, signage, and surveys
✔✔What does 10 CF part 35 discuss? - ✔✔use of a byproduct (radioactive) material
and definition of a medical event
,✔✔What does 10 CF part 71 discuss? - ✔✔dept of transportation regulations
✔✔HDR radioactive materials require __security levels. - ✔✔2
✔✔Leak tests are performed every ___ and have to be less than ___. - ✔✔6 months
0.005uCi
✔✔A source inventory of radioactive materials should be performed how often? -
✔✔every 3 months (quarterly)
✔✔Radioactive waste should be stored for ___half lives. - ✔✔10
✔✔Storage areas that hold radioactive materials should be surveyed how often? -
✔✔quarterly
✔✔According to 10 CFR part 20, what are the annual dose limits for the following:
-TEDE/whole body
-Organ
-Eye
-Extremity
-Minors
-Fetus
-Public
-Cumulative dose
-Planned special exposure (PSE) - ✔✔-TEDE/whole body: 5 rem
-Organ: 50 rem
-Eye: 15 rem
-Extremity: 50 rem
-Minors: 0.5 rem
-Fetus: 0.5 rem
-Public: 0.1 rem
-Cumulative dose: (1rem)(age)
-Planned special exposure (PSE): less than 10 rem
✔✔According to 10 CFR part 20, who should be monitored and wear a radiation badge?
- ✔✔-anyone who is at risk of recieving 10% or more of the annual exposure limit
-anyone who enters a high or very high radiation area
-anyone pregnant or any minors that are at risk of recieving 10% or more of their annual
exposure limit (0.5rem)
✔✔A radiation area should have a "radiation area" sign when the exposure is___. -
✔✔5mRem in 1 hour at 30cm
, ✔✔A radiation area should have a "high radiation area" sign when the exposure is___. -
✔✔100mRem in 1 hour at 30cm
✔✔A radiation area should have a "very high radiation area" sign when the exposure
is___. - ✔✔500 rads in 1 hour at 1 meter
✔✔What is the dose limit for an ALARA level 1 exposure vs an ALARA level 2
exposure? What action is required if these levels are reached? - ✔✔-Level 1:
0.125rem/quarter, must report to RSC committee meeting if this is exceeded
-Level 2: 0.375rem/quarter, must be investigated, monitored, and reported to the RSC
✔✔What are the units for transport index with brachytherapy sources? - ✔✔mR/hr at 1
meter
✔✔When a survey is performed on the outside of a radioactive package, what should
the value be if it is prostate seeds vs an HDR source? - ✔✔-Prostate seeds: <2mR/hr
on surface
-HDR source: <2mR/hr at 1 meter
✔✔When a medical event occurs, who needs to be notified and when? - ✔✔-NRC,
doctor, and pt within 24 hours
-Call NRC within 1 calander day of discovery
-Written report to NRC within 15 days
✔✔According to 10 CFR part 35, what is the definition of a medical event? - ✔✔-dose
differs from rx dose by more than 5 rem effective dose equivalent, 50 rem to an organ or
tissue, or 50 rem shallow dose equivalent to the skin
-total dose delivered differs from rx dose by 20% or more
-total dose delivered differs from rx dose by 20% or more or falls outside of the rx
dosage range
-fractionated dose delivered differs from rx dose for a single fx by 50% or more
✔✔A ___% dose error in brachytherapy is considered a recordable event, whereas a
___dose error is a misadministration. What are examples of these events? - ✔✔10%:
recordable event, not filling out written directive
20%: misadministration, wrong pt/site/or isotope
✔✔When a brachytherapy package is labeled with a white 1 label, what are the
radiation levels? - ✔✔Surface: does not exceed 0.5mrem/hour
At 1 meter: N/A
✔✔When a brachytherapy package is labeled with a yellow 2 label, what are the
radiation levels? - ✔✔Surface: does not exceed 50mrem/hour
AND
