UNC EXSS 181 ACTUAL FINAL TEST PAPER
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
DETAILED SOLUTIONS COMPLETE AND
VERIFIED GRADED A+
⩥ Define the task and ego achievement perspectives. What are the key
differences b/t these perspectives. Answer: --Task(mastery): possible for
all participants to be successful; success more in participant's control;
relative to your own past performance (personal best time/performance,
learning or improve)
--Ego(outcome): a limited number of people can be successful; success
less in participant's hand; relative to other people (winning, beating a
rival)
⩥ Symbolic learning theory. Answer: When an individual creates a
motor program in the CNS by visualizing, a mental blue print is formed
that will allow for successful execution of the movement.
⩥ Triple Code Model. Answer: the meaning of the image to the
individual must also be incorporated into the imagery model
⩥ What are the 4 possible combinations of goal orientations?. Answer: --
High task, low ego
,--High task, high ego
--Low task, low ego
--Low task, high ego
⩥ instrumental aggression. Answer: intent to harm, goal to win, no anger
⩥ Bioinformational feedback. Answer: Imagery consists of two main
parts..
1. stimulus proposition: describing a sensory scenario to be imagined
2. response proposition: describing reactions (racing heart) to those
stimuli
⩥ What are the common motivated/behavioral outcomes of task and ego
involvement?. Answer: --Task: choose learning opportunities at risk of
displaying mistakes; high effort; persist in face of failure; continue to
problem solve when encountering failure
--Ego: avoid learning opportunities that have risk of displaying error; put
in just enough effort to socially compare well, or disguise poor ability;
give up in face of failure
⩥ assertive behavior. Answer: no intent to harm, legitimate force,
unusual effort and energy expenditure
,⩥ The Four Imagery Theories. Answer: Psychoneuromuscular theory,
Triple Code Model, Bioinformational Feedback, Symbolic Learning
Theory
⩥ What are the 3 predictors of goal involvement (state) from
achievement goal theory? Which one might be the most easily
influenced by a practitioner?. Answer: --Goal orientation(dispositional):
how does the individual typically define success/failure? (task/ego)
--concept of ability: undifferentiated/differentiated
--Motivational climate: mastery,performance
⩥ 4 key characteristics of an aggressive act. Answer: 1. Behavior2.
Involves harm/injury3. Directed toward another living organism4.
Involves intent--can be physical, verbal, or social
⩥ Seefeldt's (1987) model of moral development. Answer: --Level 1:
external control (it's ok as long as I don't get caught)--Level 2: an eye-
for-an-eye (it's ok to retaliate)--Level 3: Altruistic view (treat others as
you want to be treated)--Level 4: following external rules (it's ok if it
isn't against rules)--Level 5: what is best for all involved (considering
others' welfare)
⩥ What are the 2 conceptions of ability and what outcomes might they
influence?. Answer: --Undifferentiated concept of ability: an inability or
a choice not to differentiate b/t ability and effort (working hard=ability)
, --Differentiated concept of ability: a person is able to, and choose to,
differentiate b/t ability and effort
⩥ What is self-confidence. Answer: The belief that you can successfully
perform a desired behavior
- a pretty stable trait
⩥ What is the benefit of self-confidence for athletes?. Answer: arouses
positive emotions
facilitates concentration
affects goals
increases effort
affects game strategies
affects psychological momentum
affect performance
⩥ What are the 2 types of motivational climate? What individuals in the
achievement goal environment may influence these goals?. Answer: --
Mastery: emphasis on learning, effort, individual improvement, and
cooperation tend to evoke task involvement
--Performance: emphasis on competition, winning, and social
comparison tend to evoke ego involvement
2026 COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
DETAILED SOLUTIONS COMPLETE AND
VERIFIED GRADED A+
⩥ Define the task and ego achievement perspectives. What are the key
differences b/t these perspectives. Answer: --Task(mastery): possible for
all participants to be successful; success more in participant's control;
relative to your own past performance (personal best time/performance,
learning or improve)
--Ego(outcome): a limited number of people can be successful; success
less in participant's hand; relative to other people (winning, beating a
rival)
⩥ Symbolic learning theory. Answer: When an individual creates a
motor program in the CNS by visualizing, a mental blue print is formed
that will allow for successful execution of the movement.
⩥ Triple Code Model. Answer: the meaning of the image to the
individual must also be incorporated into the imagery model
⩥ What are the 4 possible combinations of goal orientations?. Answer: --
High task, low ego
,--High task, high ego
--Low task, low ego
--Low task, high ego
⩥ instrumental aggression. Answer: intent to harm, goal to win, no anger
⩥ Bioinformational feedback. Answer: Imagery consists of two main
parts..
1. stimulus proposition: describing a sensory scenario to be imagined
2. response proposition: describing reactions (racing heart) to those
stimuli
⩥ What are the common motivated/behavioral outcomes of task and ego
involvement?. Answer: --Task: choose learning opportunities at risk of
displaying mistakes; high effort; persist in face of failure; continue to
problem solve when encountering failure
--Ego: avoid learning opportunities that have risk of displaying error; put
in just enough effort to socially compare well, or disguise poor ability;
give up in face of failure
⩥ assertive behavior. Answer: no intent to harm, legitimate force,
unusual effort and energy expenditure
,⩥ The Four Imagery Theories. Answer: Psychoneuromuscular theory,
Triple Code Model, Bioinformational Feedback, Symbolic Learning
Theory
⩥ What are the 3 predictors of goal involvement (state) from
achievement goal theory? Which one might be the most easily
influenced by a practitioner?. Answer: --Goal orientation(dispositional):
how does the individual typically define success/failure? (task/ego)
--concept of ability: undifferentiated/differentiated
--Motivational climate: mastery,performance
⩥ 4 key characteristics of an aggressive act. Answer: 1. Behavior2.
Involves harm/injury3. Directed toward another living organism4.
Involves intent--can be physical, verbal, or social
⩥ Seefeldt's (1987) model of moral development. Answer: --Level 1:
external control (it's ok as long as I don't get caught)--Level 2: an eye-
for-an-eye (it's ok to retaliate)--Level 3: Altruistic view (treat others as
you want to be treated)--Level 4: following external rules (it's ok if it
isn't against rules)--Level 5: what is best for all involved (considering
others' welfare)
⩥ What are the 2 conceptions of ability and what outcomes might they
influence?. Answer: --Undifferentiated concept of ability: an inability or
a choice not to differentiate b/t ability and effort (working hard=ability)
, --Differentiated concept of ability: a person is able to, and choose to,
differentiate b/t ability and effort
⩥ What is self-confidence. Answer: The belief that you can successfully
perform a desired behavior
- a pretty stable trait
⩥ What is the benefit of self-confidence for athletes?. Answer: arouses
positive emotions
facilitates concentration
affects goals
increases effort
affects game strategies
affects psychological momentum
affect performance
⩥ What are the 2 types of motivational climate? What individuals in the
achievement goal environment may influence these goals?. Answer: --
Mastery: emphasis on learning, effort, individual improvement, and
cooperation tend to evoke task involvement
--Performance: emphasis on competition, winning, and social
comparison tend to evoke ego involvement
