UNCW BIO 201 2 FINAL TEST 2026
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What are the three principles of the cell theory?.
Answer: 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The
cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
◍ A chemical reaction that has a positive ∆G is correctly described as.
Answer: Endergonic
◍ What is the significance of Robert Hooke in cell biology?.
Answer: He began the study of cell biology in 1665 by observing cork and
microbes.
◍ What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?.
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically smaller (1-10
µm), while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are larger (10-100 µm)
with organelles.
◍ The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to.
Answer: reduce the energy of activation and increase the rate of reaction
◍ What are the two main types of electron microscopy?.
Answer: 1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - good for
topography.-outside the cell 2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -
good for ultrastructure.-inside the cell
◍ Altering the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme might.
Answer: prevent the substrate from binding the enzyme's active site
◍ What is the resolution capability of electron microscopy?.
Answer: Electron microscopy can achieve a resolution of 0.2 nm, which is
, 1,000 times better than light microscopy.
◍ A bowl of sugar water is very stable. However, cells can rapidly break down
sugar into carbon dioxide and water. What is the best explanation for this
observation?.
Answer: Enzymes in cells catalyze the breakdown of glucose.
◍ What are the five common features shared by all cells?.
Answer: 1. DNA as genetic material. 2. Ribosomes for protein synthesis. 3.
Cytosol filling the cell. 4. Cytoskeleton for internal structure. 5. Plasma
membrane enclosing the cell.
◍ How can a living cell increase the rate of a chemical reaction?.
Answer: By using a catalyst
◍ Ubiquitin.
Answer: Tags proteins for degradation
◍ What is the role of the cytosol in cells?.
Answer: Cytosol is the intracellular fluid where metabolic processes, signal
transduction, and protein synthesis occur.
◍ Patients with McArdle's Disease lack an enzyme in their livers that
catabolizes glycogen to glucose. These individuals tire easily during
exercise. Which of the following would best explain this symptom?.
Answer: Glycogen must be broken down to glucose to be used in
metabolism
◍ What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?.
Answer: 1. Microfilaments (actin filaments). 2. Intermediate filaments. 3.
Microtubules.
◍ What is the primary function of microfilaments?.
Answer: Microfilaments maintain cell shape, provide motility, and are
involved in cell division.
◍ What is the structure and function of intermediate filaments?.
Answer: Intermediate filaments are stretchy protein cables that maintain cell
, shape and anchor organelles.
◍ What are microtubules and their primary roles?.
Answer: Microtubules are hollow tubes that maintain cell shape, provide
motility (flagella, cilia), and organize chromosome movement during cell
division.
◍ What are motor proteins and their functions?.
Answer: Motor proteins interact with microfilaments or microtubules to
transport cargo, promote movement, and reposition organelles.
◍ What distinguishes flagella from cilia?.
Answer: Flagella are longer and usually fewer in number (1-2), while cilia
are shorter and more numerous.
◍ The primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes
are _____ and _____ respectively..
Answer: ribosomes and proteasomes
◍ What is the structure of the endomembrane system?.
Answer: The endomembrane system includes structures such as the nuclear
envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and plasma
membrane.
◍ The equation C₆H₁₂O₆⁺6O₂→ 6CO₂⁺6H₂O (ATP+Heat), describes which of
the following processes?.
Answer: cell respiration
◍ Where does glycolysis take place?.
Answer: cytosol
◍ What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?.
Answer: Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins,
while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and
detoxification.
◍ Which of the following statements is true?.
Answer: The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria matrix
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◍ What are the three principles of the cell theory?.
Answer: 1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells. 2. The
cell is the basic unit of life. 3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.
◍ A chemical reaction that has a positive ∆G is correctly described as.
Answer: Endergonic
◍ What is the significance of Robert Hooke in cell biology?.
Answer: He began the study of cell biology in 1665 by observing cork and
microbes.
◍ What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?.
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically smaller (1-10
µm), while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and are larger (10-100 µm)
with organelles.
◍ The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to.
Answer: reduce the energy of activation and increase the rate of reaction
◍ What are the two main types of electron microscopy?.
Answer: 1. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - good for
topography.-outside the cell 2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) -
good for ultrastructure.-inside the cell
◍ Altering the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme might.
Answer: prevent the substrate from binding the enzyme's active site
◍ What is the resolution capability of electron microscopy?.
Answer: Electron microscopy can achieve a resolution of 0.2 nm, which is
, 1,000 times better than light microscopy.
◍ A bowl of sugar water is very stable. However, cells can rapidly break down
sugar into carbon dioxide and water. What is the best explanation for this
observation?.
Answer: Enzymes in cells catalyze the breakdown of glucose.
◍ What are the five common features shared by all cells?.
Answer: 1. DNA as genetic material. 2. Ribosomes for protein synthesis. 3.
Cytosol filling the cell. 4. Cytoskeleton for internal structure. 5. Plasma
membrane enclosing the cell.
◍ How can a living cell increase the rate of a chemical reaction?.
Answer: By using a catalyst
◍ Ubiquitin.
Answer: Tags proteins for degradation
◍ What is the role of the cytosol in cells?.
Answer: Cytosol is the intracellular fluid where metabolic processes, signal
transduction, and protein synthesis occur.
◍ Patients with McArdle's Disease lack an enzyme in their livers that
catabolizes glycogen to glucose. These individuals tire easily during
exercise. Which of the following would best explain this symptom?.
Answer: Glycogen must be broken down to glucose to be used in
metabolism
◍ What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?.
Answer: 1. Microfilaments (actin filaments). 2. Intermediate filaments. 3.
Microtubules.
◍ What is the primary function of microfilaments?.
Answer: Microfilaments maintain cell shape, provide motility, and are
involved in cell division.
◍ What is the structure and function of intermediate filaments?.
Answer: Intermediate filaments are stretchy protein cables that maintain cell
, shape and anchor organelles.
◍ What are microtubules and their primary roles?.
Answer: Microtubules are hollow tubes that maintain cell shape, provide
motility (flagella, cilia), and organize chromosome movement during cell
division.
◍ What are motor proteins and their functions?.
Answer: Motor proteins interact with microfilaments or microtubules to
transport cargo, promote movement, and reposition organelles.
◍ What distinguishes flagella from cilia?.
Answer: Flagella are longer and usually fewer in number (1-2), while cilia
are shorter and more numerous.
◍ The primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes
are _____ and _____ respectively..
Answer: ribosomes and proteasomes
◍ What is the structure of the endomembrane system?.
Answer: The endomembrane system includes structures such as the nuclear
envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and plasma
membrane.
◍ The equation C₆H₁₂O₆⁺6O₂→ 6CO₂⁺6H₂O (ATP+Heat), describes which of
the following processes?.
Answer: cell respiration
◍ Where does glycolysis take place?.
Answer: cytosol
◍ What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?.
Answer: Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins,
while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and
detoxification.
◍ Which of the following statements is true?.
Answer: The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria matrix
