UNCW BIO 201 EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ What is the significance of Robert Hooke in cell biology? Answer:
He began the study of cell biology in 1665 by observing cork and
microbes.
◉ What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically
smaller (1-10 µm), while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and
are larger (10-100 µm) with organelles.
◉ What are the two main types of electron microscopy? Answer: 1.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - good for topography.-outside
the cell
2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) - good for
ultrastructure.-inside the cell
◉ What is the resolution capability of electron microscopy? Answer:
Electron microscopy can achieve a resolution of 0.2 nm, which is
1,000 times better than light microscopy.
,◉ What are the five common features shared by all cells? Answer: 1.
DNA as genetic material.
2. Ribosomes for protein synthesis.
3. Cytosol filling the cell.
4. Cytoskeleton for internal structure.
5. Plasma membrane enclosing the cell.
◉ What is the role of the cytosol in cells? Answer: Cytosol is the
intracellular fluid where metabolic processes, signal transduction,
and protein synthesis occur.
◉ What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: 1. Microfilaments (actin filaments).
2. Intermediate filaments.
3. Microtubules.
◉ What is the primary function of microfilaments? Answer:
Microfilaments maintain cell shape, provide motility, and are
involved in cell division.
◉ What is the structure and function of intermediate filaments?
Answer: Intermediate filaments are stretchy protein cables that
maintain cell shape and anchor organelles.
, ◉ What are microtubules and their primary roles? Answer:
Microtubules are hollow tubes that maintain cell shape, provide
motility (flagella, cilia), and organize chromosome movement during
cell division.
◉ What are motor proteins and their functions? Answer: Motor
proteins interact with microfilaments or microtubules to transport
cargo, promote movement, and reposition organelles.
◉ What distinguishes flagella from cilia? Answer: Flagella are longer
and usually fewer in number (1-2), while cilia are shorter and more
numerous.
◉ What is the structure of the endomembrane system? Answer: The
endomembrane system includes structures such as the nuclear
envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and
plasma membrane.
◉ What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum? Answer: Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and
synthesizes proteins, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is
involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
◉ What is the role of the Golgi apparatus? Answer: The Golgi
apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages macromolecules for
secretion or delivery to other organelles.
EVALUATION EXAMS 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
PRACTICE SOLUTION GRADED A+
◉ What is the significance of Robert Hooke in cell biology? Answer:
He began the study of cell biology in 1665 by observing cork and
microbes.
◉ What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and are typically
smaller (1-10 µm), while eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and
are larger (10-100 µm) with organelles.
◉ What are the two main types of electron microscopy? Answer: 1.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - good for topography.-outside
the cell
2. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) - good for
ultrastructure.-inside the cell
◉ What is the resolution capability of electron microscopy? Answer:
Electron microscopy can achieve a resolution of 0.2 nm, which is
1,000 times better than light microscopy.
,◉ What are the five common features shared by all cells? Answer: 1.
DNA as genetic material.
2. Ribosomes for protein synthesis.
3. Cytosol filling the cell.
4. Cytoskeleton for internal structure.
5. Plasma membrane enclosing the cell.
◉ What is the role of the cytosol in cells? Answer: Cytosol is the
intracellular fluid where metabolic processes, signal transduction,
and protein synthesis occur.
◉ What are the three main components of the cytoskeleton?
Answer: 1. Microfilaments (actin filaments).
2. Intermediate filaments.
3. Microtubules.
◉ What is the primary function of microfilaments? Answer:
Microfilaments maintain cell shape, provide motility, and are
involved in cell division.
◉ What is the structure and function of intermediate filaments?
Answer: Intermediate filaments are stretchy protein cables that
maintain cell shape and anchor organelles.
, ◉ What are microtubules and their primary roles? Answer:
Microtubules are hollow tubes that maintain cell shape, provide
motility (flagella, cilia), and organize chromosome movement during
cell division.
◉ What are motor proteins and their functions? Answer: Motor
proteins interact with microfilaments or microtubules to transport
cargo, promote movement, and reposition organelles.
◉ What distinguishes flagella from cilia? Answer: Flagella are longer
and usually fewer in number (1-2), while cilia are shorter and more
numerous.
◉ What is the structure of the endomembrane system? Answer: The
endomembrane system includes structures such as the nuclear
envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and
plasma membrane.
◉ What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic
reticulum? Answer: Rough ER is studded with ribosomes and
synthesizes proteins, while smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is
involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
◉ What is the role of the Golgi apparatus? Answer: The Golgi
apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages macromolecules for
secretion or delivery to other organelles.
