UNE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE TEST
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.
Answer: Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
●● How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?
Answer: Alterations of DNA
●● Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect
wellbeing.
Answer: (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
●● Explain RAAS
Answer: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II >
vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and
water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained.
●● DKA
,Answer: increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
●● How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis
Answer: retain H and excrete HCO3
●● Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Answer: Potassium
●● West Nile Virus
Answer: Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe
signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
●● Lyme disease
Answer: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
●● Erythema infectiosum
Answer: a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
●● Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.
Answer: Spina bifida
, ●● Trousseau's sign
Answer: arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
●● Cause and sign of spina bifida
Answer: results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac
on lower back.
●● hemophilia is more common in
Answer: males
●● Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes
Answer: ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
●● Connective vs muscle tissue disorders
Answer: Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
●● Describe Lupus
Answer: Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
●● Describe Myasthenia Gravis
2026 TESTED QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
●● Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities.
Answer: Mutations in genes or chromosomal abnormalities
●● How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities?
Answer: Alterations of DNA
●● Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect
wellbeing.
Answer: (ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
●● Explain RAAS
Answer: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II >
vasoconstriction > release aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and
water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure maintained.
●● DKA
,Answer: increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
●● How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis
Answer: retain H and excrete HCO3
●● Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte?
Answer: Potassium
●● West Nile Virus
Answer: Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Severe
signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
●● Lyme disease
Answer: Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia
burgdorferi.
●● Erythema infectiosum
Answer: a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
●● Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with _____.
Answer: Spina bifida
, ●● Trousseau's sign
Answer: arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
●● Cause and sign of spina bifida
Answer: results from failure of neural tube to close. sign - fluid filled sac
on lower back.
●● hemophilia is more common in
Answer: males
●● Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes
Answer: ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
●● Connective vs muscle tissue disorders
Answer: Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
●● Describe Lupus
Answer: Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
●● Describe Myasthenia Gravis
