Cells pt. 2 Exam 2026 Questions and
Answers Graded A+
What are the main enzymes in DNA replication? - Correct answer-Helicase,
Primase, DNA Polymerase, and Ligase
Outline DNA replication process. - Correct answer-This occurs within the nucleus
during interphase. First, helicase seperates the stands by breaking the hydrogen
bonds between nitrogenous bases. SSB proteins hold the strands apart.
Next, Primase primes the strands with RNA, telling DNA polymerase where to go.
Then, DNA polymerase builds new strands by attatching corresponding
nucleotides to both strands. It can only move in a 5'-3' direction, creating one
leading and one lagging strand. The lagging strand has Okazaki fragements, gaps
formed from the pauses in DNA polymerase when it has to wait for helicase to
seperate the strands.
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, Finally, ligase seals the Okazaki fragments through phosphodiester bonds.
What is the result of DNA replication? - Correct answer-1 DNA strand turns into 2
identical strands which are SEMI-CONSERVATIVE, meaning that they are half
old half new.
What is transcription and translation? - Correct answer-They are the two processes
necessary for protein synthesis. Transcription comes before translation because c
comes before l in the alphabet.
Explain transcription. - Correct answer-Transcription is when mRNA is made as a
transcript of DNA.
Within the nucleus, RNA polymerase acts as all the major enzymes in DNA
replication. It seperates tje strands and connects RNA bases to the DNA, forming
an mRNA strand.
mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attatches to a ribisome.
Explain translation - Correct answer-Translation is the process by which ribosomes
read mRNA and assemble amino acids.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Answers Graded A+
What are the main enzymes in DNA replication? - Correct answer-Helicase,
Primase, DNA Polymerase, and Ligase
Outline DNA replication process. - Correct answer-This occurs within the nucleus
during interphase. First, helicase seperates the stands by breaking the hydrogen
bonds between nitrogenous bases. SSB proteins hold the strands apart.
Next, Primase primes the strands with RNA, telling DNA polymerase where to go.
Then, DNA polymerase builds new strands by attatching corresponding
nucleotides to both strands. It can only move in a 5'-3' direction, creating one
leading and one lagging strand. The lagging strand has Okazaki fragements, gaps
formed from the pauses in DNA polymerase when it has to wait for helicase to
seperate the strands.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Finally, ligase seals the Okazaki fragments through phosphodiester bonds.
What is the result of DNA replication? - Correct answer-1 DNA strand turns into 2
identical strands which are SEMI-CONSERVATIVE, meaning that they are half
old half new.
What is transcription and translation? - Correct answer-They are the two processes
necessary for protein synthesis. Transcription comes before translation because c
comes before l in the alphabet.
Explain transcription. - Correct answer-Transcription is when mRNA is made as a
transcript of DNA.
Within the nucleus, RNA polymerase acts as all the major enzymes in DNA
replication. It seperates tje strands and connects RNA bases to the DNA, forming
an mRNA strand.
mRNA then leaves the nucleus and attatches to a ribisome.
Explain translation - Correct answer-Translation is the process by which ribosomes
read mRNA and assemble amino acids.
©COPYRIGHT 2026, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
