Ch 4 - Tissues Ch 7 - Blood Stenotic valve - high pitched or clicking sound.
4 main tissues - epithelium tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue and Formed 45% (rbc, wbc, platelets), Plasma 55% (H2O, lytes, hormones, Veins - movement back to heart by skeletal muscle contraction,
muscle tissue gases, nutrients/waste), waste = co2, urea, lactic acid one-way valves, pressure change c inhalation.
Epithelial - tight connected sheets (skin, hallow organs, esophagus or trachea Plasma Protein = albumin, globulins, clotting proteins, > group of solutes L side - pulmonary congestion, blood in lungs
Simple – only one layer of epithelial cells in plasma, DO NOT synthesize hormones R side - peripheral congestion, blood pools in organs causes
Stratified – multiple layers of the same cell Albumin - maintain fluid balance, aid in bilirubin, fatty acid & drug edema
squamous squished nucleus, (ex skin protective layer - contains multiple transport Ch 9 - Immune
layers, some cells at top missing nuclei, dead cells that will be sloughed Globulins - bind to fats (lipoproteins LDL & HDL), high levels “bad” chol. Interferons - proteins that interferes with viral infection in
off.), Clotting by Platelets, mass fibrin initiates clot in < 1min nonspecific defense mechanisms
cuboidal simple or stratified, cube-like, perfect round nucleus (ex simple Anaemia - feeling easily fatigued, dizzy and even short of breath, Vaccine - very slight potential to cause disease, stimulate the
renal tubules & some glands, stratified sweat glands) hct < 36% body to make memory cells
columnar oval nuclei, for absorption (digestive tract), rare to be stratified RBC - not directly involved c homeostasis, transport mostly oxygen and T lymphocyte - decrease in the immune response and increase
(ex male organ) some carbon dioxide, no nucleus (nucleus & organelles are lost as cell in susceptibility to infection if “thymectomy”.
matures), shape = flexibility & facilitates gas exchange, live 120 days, Specific immunity - due primarily to B cells and T cells
removed by liver and spleen Ebola - Symptoms include fever, weakness, muscle pain,
RH+ = Rh antigen on their red blood cells vomiting, headache, internal and external bleeding
Pernicious anemia = deficiency of vitamin B12. Thymus -aids to defend against specific pathogens
Erythropoietin - A person with kidney failure may become anemic, due to Lactobacillus - bacteria beneficial to the body, makes body <
deficient production, hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates vulnerable to pathogens, commonly seen in the vaginal canal
production of red blood cells & Memory cells - formed by B cells and T cells
stem cells (in low O2 until kidney Moderate fever can enhance our immune responses t/f not
signals return to normal - good to medicate call fevers
negative feedback loop). IgG - most common immunoglobulin
Stem cells are located in red Viruses - smallest known infectious agent containing RNA or
marrow; and give rise to all DNA, smaller than bacteria, non-living, no nucleus/organelles,
formed elements, create multiply by lytic cycle (uses host to replicate) or lysogenic cycle
immature rbc’s and platelets, (incorporates virus genome into host like HIV).
main phagocytic cells found in HIV/AIDS - devastates immune by primarily target & destroy
the body are macrophages and "helper" T cells (CD4 cells) that help activate specific immunity.
neutrophils AIDS - autoimmune disorder
Antibodies are gamma All of the following are participants in cell-mediated immunity
Dermis - mostly sense connective tiisue globulins, proteins that EXCEPT Antibodies
Papillae contain sensory nerve endings + blood vessels specifically bind to their target Cytotoxic T cells - NOT associated with the inflammatory
Fibres allow for stretch, < fibres = wrinkles antigen. response
Negative feedback responds to ⭡eosinophils = indicates a Bacteria - smaller than human cells - advantage to diffuse
change in a controlled variable and parasitic infection material into human cells, exchange info via pilli, use ATP for
reverse the change to restore the Hemoglobin - 4 polypeptides, 1 energy, can affect mental persons state
variable to its desired value, iron atom, increase O2 & neutral Prions - triggers misfolding of brain proteins, becomes self-
maintains homeostasis pH = efficient o2 bonding, body
heat increase rate of O2 release propagating(mad-cow or Creutzfelt-Jakob).
CV - Chemical property that Hct - % of rbc’s, potential for Defence: 1st line - acid mantle (created by sweat glands) of skin,
changes-(BP,
Sensor Temp)
Monitors current CV carrying O2, Men = 43-49%, Women = 37 - 43%, low hct = anemia, high stomach acid, tears & saliva (contain lysozymes), earwax &
hct = risk of clots d/t viscosity mucus (traps), Vagina (acidic), Vomit, diarrhea, urination, resident
Control Center
from sensor, - Receives
compares infoSet
to the WBC - produced from stem cells. Basophils are the rarest of the formed bacteria (compete c invading pathogens)
elements in the blood, secrete histamine. Neutrophils - most abundant, Non-specific - phagocytosis (neutrophils leave blood seek &
Point (normal value) then signals for bacteria/fungi Phagocytosis - macropgages engulf/digest rbc’s destroy, monocytes migrate to tissue develop into macrophages
hormones/nerves to Effector to Ch 8 - Heart long living, eosinophils destructive enzymes & aid c larger
correct imbalance Angina - coronary arteries become narrowed & blood flow to the heart is parasitic invaders), inflammation (vasodilation increases blood
Positive Feedback - Uncommon, reduced, cramping chest pain OE, prior to a heart attack or death of supply d/t histamine release from basophils & mast cells,
change is amplified (labour cardiac muscle tissue capillaries become more permeable allows antibodies to leave
CHF - heart becomes weaker and less efficient at pumping blood, the blood to tissues, phagocytosis increases d/t blood supply)
contractions), loop is terminated by
an action (birth) blood may back up in the veins Natural Killer (monitor for abn cells, do not directly attack
Blood flows from the right ventricle to the Pulmonary arteries pathogens, destroy body’s own infected cells & tumour cells c
Keratinocytes - NOT found in the
Capillaries - blood vessels does most of the exchange of nutrients and perforin protein causes cells to lyse) Fever (foreign chemicals,
dermis, locatd near base of
epidermis (called basal cells) makes epidermis “waterproof”, Keratinocyte + wastes, only place where nutrients/gasses can enter/exit circulation. antigen-antibody or bacteria signal hypothalamus to increase
Squamous epithelial cells. temp. Increases metabolism/healing, Liver/spleen take up iron
Melanin = UV protection & zinc which are essential for bacteria)
- NOT part of a neuron Homeostatic regulation of the cardiovascular system is designed to
maintain constant arterial blood pressure Specific - Immune response (memory, specifity, differentiate
- anchor cells to the stronger connective tissue from non-self), Lymphatic (p/u fluid left @ tissue, removes
Heart murmur - hears an abnormality in the "lub DUB" sounds of the
consists primarily of chondrocytes NOT primarily of loose heart valve, blood hits obstruction, foreign material via lymphatic organs
connective tissue Semilunar valves prevent blood from flowing backward into a ventricle Antigens trigger immune response
about suntans is NOT true - UVA light rays are not bad for you, only UVB Cardiac conduction system initiates and delivers an electrical impulse Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins - distinguish
Tendons and ligaments - dense connective tissue that begins in the Sinoatrial node self from non-self
Epithelial ex salivary & sweat glands The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to the body Bone Marrow & Thymus - primary lymphoid organs
Fibroblasts - secrete proteins that make up the fibres of connective tissue Avoiding all stress will not reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. 2 Lymphocytes - B & T, both develop in bone marrow, T travels
Lipodissolve - approved by the FDA (already available for other use )t/f All of the following statements are TRUE about arteries EXCEPT arteries to thymus to mature, B humeral antibody mediated immunity
available before clinical trials have one-way valves produce antibodies (IgM- 1st responder, IgA-breast milk, IgD-
Which of the following statements describing the myocardium is FALSE unclear, IgE- allergy response, IgG-most prevalent), T cell
Vitamin D - cholesterol-like molecule = inatcive form of Vit D when exposed to myocardium is epithelial and connective tissue and is nonelectrical. mediated, protects from parasites, bacteria, viruses, fungi,
UV rays, then modified by liver & kidney, then becomes activated Prothrombin activator - coverts prothrombin to thrombin (converts cancer, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, memory cells, react to
3 cell structures visible with the light microscope are the nucleus, plasma fibrinogen to fibrin) antigen-presenting cells (mactphages/B cells)
membrane and cytoplasm
4 main tissues - epithelium tissue, connective tissue, nervous tissue and Formed 45% (rbc, wbc, platelets), Plasma 55% (H2O, lytes, hormones, Veins - movement back to heart by skeletal muscle contraction,
muscle tissue gases, nutrients/waste), waste = co2, urea, lactic acid one-way valves, pressure change c inhalation.
Epithelial - tight connected sheets (skin, hallow organs, esophagus or trachea Plasma Protein = albumin, globulins, clotting proteins, > group of solutes L side - pulmonary congestion, blood in lungs
Simple – only one layer of epithelial cells in plasma, DO NOT synthesize hormones R side - peripheral congestion, blood pools in organs causes
Stratified – multiple layers of the same cell Albumin - maintain fluid balance, aid in bilirubin, fatty acid & drug edema
squamous squished nucleus, (ex skin protective layer - contains multiple transport Ch 9 - Immune
layers, some cells at top missing nuclei, dead cells that will be sloughed Globulins - bind to fats (lipoproteins LDL & HDL), high levels “bad” chol. Interferons - proteins that interferes with viral infection in
off.), Clotting by Platelets, mass fibrin initiates clot in < 1min nonspecific defense mechanisms
cuboidal simple or stratified, cube-like, perfect round nucleus (ex simple Anaemia - feeling easily fatigued, dizzy and even short of breath, Vaccine - very slight potential to cause disease, stimulate the
renal tubules & some glands, stratified sweat glands) hct < 36% body to make memory cells
columnar oval nuclei, for absorption (digestive tract), rare to be stratified RBC - not directly involved c homeostasis, transport mostly oxygen and T lymphocyte - decrease in the immune response and increase
(ex male organ) some carbon dioxide, no nucleus (nucleus & organelles are lost as cell in susceptibility to infection if “thymectomy”.
matures), shape = flexibility & facilitates gas exchange, live 120 days, Specific immunity - due primarily to B cells and T cells
removed by liver and spleen Ebola - Symptoms include fever, weakness, muscle pain,
RH+ = Rh antigen on their red blood cells vomiting, headache, internal and external bleeding
Pernicious anemia = deficiency of vitamin B12. Thymus -aids to defend against specific pathogens
Erythropoietin - A person with kidney failure may become anemic, due to Lactobacillus - bacteria beneficial to the body, makes body <
deficient production, hormone secreted by the kidneys that stimulates vulnerable to pathogens, commonly seen in the vaginal canal
production of red blood cells & Memory cells - formed by B cells and T cells
stem cells (in low O2 until kidney Moderate fever can enhance our immune responses t/f not
signals return to normal - good to medicate call fevers
negative feedback loop). IgG - most common immunoglobulin
Stem cells are located in red Viruses - smallest known infectious agent containing RNA or
marrow; and give rise to all DNA, smaller than bacteria, non-living, no nucleus/organelles,
formed elements, create multiply by lytic cycle (uses host to replicate) or lysogenic cycle
immature rbc’s and platelets, (incorporates virus genome into host like HIV).
main phagocytic cells found in HIV/AIDS - devastates immune by primarily target & destroy
the body are macrophages and "helper" T cells (CD4 cells) that help activate specific immunity.
neutrophils AIDS - autoimmune disorder
Antibodies are gamma All of the following are participants in cell-mediated immunity
Dermis - mostly sense connective tiisue globulins, proteins that EXCEPT Antibodies
Papillae contain sensory nerve endings + blood vessels specifically bind to their target Cytotoxic T cells - NOT associated with the inflammatory
Fibres allow for stretch, < fibres = wrinkles antigen. response
Negative feedback responds to ⭡eosinophils = indicates a Bacteria - smaller than human cells - advantage to diffuse
change in a controlled variable and parasitic infection material into human cells, exchange info via pilli, use ATP for
reverse the change to restore the Hemoglobin - 4 polypeptides, 1 energy, can affect mental persons state
variable to its desired value, iron atom, increase O2 & neutral Prions - triggers misfolding of brain proteins, becomes self-
maintains homeostasis pH = efficient o2 bonding, body
heat increase rate of O2 release propagating(mad-cow or Creutzfelt-Jakob).
CV - Chemical property that Hct - % of rbc’s, potential for Defence: 1st line - acid mantle (created by sweat glands) of skin,
changes-(BP,
Sensor Temp)
Monitors current CV carrying O2, Men = 43-49%, Women = 37 - 43%, low hct = anemia, high stomach acid, tears & saliva (contain lysozymes), earwax &
hct = risk of clots d/t viscosity mucus (traps), Vagina (acidic), Vomit, diarrhea, urination, resident
Control Center
from sensor, - Receives
compares infoSet
to the WBC - produced from stem cells. Basophils are the rarest of the formed bacteria (compete c invading pathogens)
elements in the blood, secrete histamine. Neutrophils - most abundant, Non-specific - phagocytosis (neutrophils leave blood seek &
Point (normal value) then signals for bacteria/fungi Phagocytosis - macropgages engulf/digest rbc’s destroy, monocytes migrate to tissue develop into macrophages
hormones/nerves to Effector to Ch 8 - Heart long living, eosinophils destructive enzymes & aid c larger
correct imbalance Angina - coronary arteries become narrowed & blood flow to the heart is parasitic invaders), inflammation (vasodilation increases blood
Positive Feedback - Uncommon, reduced, cramping chest pain OE, prior to a heart attack or death of supply d/t histamine release from basophils & mast cells,
change is amplified (labour cardiac muscle tissue capillaries become more permeable allows antibodies to leave
CHF - heart becomes weaker and less efficient at pumping blood, the blood to tissues, phagocytosis increases d/t blood supply)
contractions), loop is terminated by
an action (birth) blood may back up in the veins Natural Killer (monitor for abn cells, do not directly attack
Blood flows from the right ventricle to the Pulmonary arteries pathogens, destroy body’s own infected cells & tumour cells c
Keratinocytes - NOT found in the
Capillaries - blood vessels does most of the exchange of nutrients and perforin protein causes cells to lyse) Fever (foreign chemicals,
dermis, locatd near base of
epidermis (called basal cells) makes epidermis “waterproof”, Keratinocyte + wastes, only place where nutrients/gasses can enter/exit circulation. antigen-antibody or bacteria signal hypothalamus to increase
Squamous epithelial cells. temp. Increases metabolism/healing, Liver/spleen take up iron
Melanin = UV protection & zinc which are essential for bacteria)
- NOT part of a neuron Homeostatic regulation of the cardiovascular system is designed to
maintain constant arterial blood pressure Specific - Immune response (memory, specifity, differentiate
- anchor cells to the stronger connective tissue from non-self), Lymphatic (p/u fluid left @ tissue, removes
Heart murmur - hears an abnormality in the "lub DUB" sounds of the
consists primarily of chondrocytes NOT primarily of loose heart valve, blood hits obstruction, foreign material via lymphatic organs
connective tissue Semilunar valves prevent blood from flowing backward into a ventricle Antigens trigger immune response
about suntans is NOT true - UVA light rays are not bad for you, only UVB Cardiac conduction system initiates and delivers an electrical impulse Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins - distinguish
Tendons and ligaments - dense connective tissue that begins in the Sinoatrial node self from non-self
Epithelial ex salivary & sweat glands The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to the body Bone Marrow & Thymus - primary lymphoid organs
Fibroblasts - secrete proteins that make up the fibres of connective tissue Avoiding all stress will not reduce risk of cardiovascular disease. 2 Lymphocytes - B & T, both develop in bone marrow, T travels
Lipodissolve - approved by the FDA (already available for other use )t/f All of the following statements are TRUE about arteries EXCEPT arteries to thymus to mature, B humeral antibody mediated immunity
available before clinical trials have one-way valves produce antibodies (IgM- 1st responder, IgA-breast milk, IgD-
Which of the following statements describing the myocardium is FALSE unclear, IgE- allergy response, IgG-most prevalent), T cell
Vitamin D - cholesterol-like molecule = inatcive form of Vit D when exposed to myocardium is epithelial and connective tissue and is nonelectrical. mediated, protects from parasites, bacteria, viruses, fungi,
UV rays, then modified by liver & kidney, then becomes activated Prothrombin activator - coverts prothrombin to thrombin (converts cancer, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, memory cells, react to
3 cell structures visible with the light microscope are the nucleus, plasma fibrinogen to fibrin) antigen-presenting cells (mactphages/B cells)
membrane and cytoplasm
