BIOL 2116 Exam Review Questions and Correct
Detailed Answers with Complete Solution | New
2026/27 Update
What are bacteria and archaea classified as? - ANSWERS Prokaryotic
What type of organism are viruses classified as? - ANSWERS Acellular
Are bacteria and archaea unicellular or multicellular? - ANSWERS Unicellular
Do bacteria, archaea, and viruses contain membrane-bound organelles? -
ANSWERS No, they all lack membrane-bound organelles.
What type of genetic material do viruses contain? - ANSWERS RNA or DNA,
but not both.
How do bacteria and archaea replicate? - ANSWERS Through binary fission.
How do viruses replicate? - ANSWERS They need to invade a host cell.
Are archaea known to cause disease in humans? - ANSWERS No, they are not
known to cause disease.
,What is the statement about eukaryotic organisms being multicellular? -
ANSWERS False, some eukaryotic organisms are unicellular.
What is an example of a unicellular eukaryote? - ANSWERS Yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
What does homeostasis refer to? - ANSWERS The ability to maintain
conditions inside a living cell that differ from the surrounding environment.
What is an applied microbiologist? - ANSWERS A scientist who uses
microbiological principles to solve practical problems.
What is a hypothesis in the scientific method? - ANSWERS A tentative
explanation to a specific question.
What is a control group? - ANSWERS The group where a crucial factor is left
unchanged for comparison.
What is an experimental group? - ANSWERS The group in which a crucial
factor is manipulated.
What is the most basic unit of an element? - ANSWERS Atom.
Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge? - ANSWERS Electrons.
,Which electron has the most energy? - ANSWERS An electron that is in a shell
relatively distant from the nucleus.
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWERS A bond formed when an electron is
transferred from one atom to another.
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWERS A bond formed when atoms share their
electrons.
What is the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds? -
ANSWERS Polar bonds share electrons unequally; non-polar bonds share
equally.
What happens to acids when added to water? - ANSWERS Acids lose protons
(H+) and have a positive charge.
What happens to bases when added to water? - ANSWERS Bases gain protons
(H+) or donate hydroxide (OH-) ions.
What is an organic molecule? - ANSWERS A molecule largely composed of
carbon atoms.
What is an inorganic molecule? - ANSWERS A molecule that does not rely on
carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Which contains more energy per unit of weight, lipids or carbohydrates? -
ANSWERS Lipids contain more energy per unit of weight.
, Which is more hydrophilic, carbohydrates or lipids? - ANSWERS Carbohydrates
are more hydrophilic.
What factors determine the formation of a three-dimensional protein? -
ANSWERS Amino acid sequence, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds,
ionic interactions, disulfide bonds, and environmental factors.
Do enzymes raise or lower the activation energy for a reaction? - ANSWERS
Enzymes lower the activation energy.
Do enzymes stabilize the substrate or the transition state? - ANSWERS
Enzymes stabilize the transition state.
Do enzymes donate electrons to substrates? - ANSWERS No, they do not
directly donate electrons to substrates.
What is the role of enzymes in redox reactions? - ANSWERS Enzymes may
participate in redox reactions, but they do not directly donate electrons to
substrates in most cases.
Are enzymes consumed during reactions? - ANSWERS No, enzymes are not
consumed in the reaction and can be reused.
Do enzymes perform well in all conditions? - ANSWERS No, enzymes have
optimal conditions (temperature, pH) and do not function well outside these
ranges.
Detailed Answers with Complete Solution | New
2026/27 Update
What are bacteria and archaea classified as? - ANSWERS Prokaryotic
What type of organism are viruses classified as? - ANSWERS Acellular
Are bacteria and archaea unicellular or multicellular? - ANSWERS Unicellular
Do bacteria, archaea, and viruses contain membrane-bound organelles? -
ANSWERS No, they all lack membrane-bound organelles.
What type of genetic material do viruses contain? - ANSWERS RNA or DNA,
but not both.
How do bacteria and archaea replicate? - ANSWERS Through binary fission.
How do viruses replicate? - ANSWERS They need to invade a host cell.
Are archaea known to cause disease in humans? - ANSWERS No, they are not
known to cause disease.
,What is the statement about eukaryotic organisms being multicellular? -
ANSWERS False, some eukaryotic organisms are unicellular.
What is an example of a unicellular eukaryote? - ANSWERS Yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
What does homeostasis refer to? - ANSWERS The ability to maintain
conditions inside a living cell that differ from the surrounding environment.
What is an applied microbiologist? - ANSWERS A scientist who uses
microbiological principles to solve practical problems.
What is a hypothesis in the scientific method? - ANSWERS A tentative
explanation to a specific question.
What is a control group? - ANSWERS The group where a crucial factor is left
unchanged for comparison.
What is an experimental group? - ANSWERS The group in which a crucial
factor is manipulated.
What is the most basic unit of an element? - ANSWERS Atom.
Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge? - ANSWERS Electrons.
,Which electron has the most energy? - ANSWERS An electron that is in a shell
relatively distant from the nucleus.
What is an ionic bond? - ANSWERS A bond formed when an electron is
transferred from one atom to another.
What is a covalent bond? - ANSWERS A bond formed when atoms share their
electrons.
What is the difference between polar and non-polar covalent bonds? -
ANSWERS Polar bonds share electrons unequally; non-polar bonds share
equally.
What happens to acids when added to water? - ANSWERS Acids lose protons
(H+) and have a positive charge.
What happens to bases when added to water? - ANSWERS Bases gain protons
(H+) or donate hydroxide (OH-) ions.
What is an organic molecule? - ANSWERS A molecule largely composed of
carbon atoms.
What is an inorganic molecule? - ANSWERS A molecule that does not rely on
carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Which contains more energy per unit of weight, lipids or carbohydrates? -
ANSWERS Lipids contain more energy per unit of weight.
, Which is more hydrophilic, carbohydrates or lipids? - ANSWERS Carbohydrates
are more hydrophilic.
What factors determine the formation of a three-dimensional protein? -
ANSWERS Amino acid sequence, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds,
ionic interactions, disulfide bonds, and environmental factors.
Do enzymes raise or lower the activation energy for a reaction? - ANSWERS
Enzymes lower the activation energy.
Do enzymes stabilize the substrate or the transition state? - ANSWERS
Enzymes stabilize the transition state.
Do enzymes donate electrons to substrates? - ANSWERS No, they do not
directly donate electrons to substrates.
What is the role of enzymes in redox reactions? - ANSWERS Enzymes may
participate in redox reactions, but they do not directly donate electrons to
substrates in most cases.
Are enzymes consumed during reactions? - ANSWERS No, enzymes are not
consumed in the reaction and can be reused.
Do enzymes perform well in all conditions? - ANSWERS No, enzymes have
optimal conditions (temperature, pH) and do not function well outside these
ranges.
