PCSD 313 Anatomy and Physiology Exam 1 Practice Questions and Study Guide |
Communication Sciences Review
The standard anatomical position - ✔✔face forward, standing erect, feet together, palms
forward
What is the midline? - ✔✔an imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal left and
right sides
Anterior - ✔✔towards front of the body
Posterior - ✔✔towards back; away from front of body
superior - ✔✔Higher on the body, nearer to the head (upper or above)
inferior - ✔✔Lower on the body, farther from the head (lower or below)
medial - ✔✔towards the midline
lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
Ipsilateral - ✔✔on the same side of body (left arm and left leg)
contralateral - ✔✔on opposite sides of body (right arm and left arm)
Superficial (external) - ✔✔toward or at the body surface
, Deep (internal) - ✔✔Away from the body surface; more internal
Ventral - ✔✔inferior (bottom of brain)
Dorsal - ✔✔superior (top of brain)
Rostral - ✔✔anterior (front of brain)
Caudal - ✔✔posterior (back of brain)
central - ✔✔located at the center or core (CNS)
peripheral - ✔✔located on the outer boundary away from the center (PNS)
The central nervous system - ✔✔brain and spinal cord; central core structures
peripheral nervous system - ✔✔includes the cranial and spinal nerves located on the
outside/periphery of the CNS
Proximal - ✔✔toward body; away from extremity
Distal - ✔✔away from body; towards the extremity
abduct/abduction - ✔✔to move away from midline (when vocal folds are abducted they are
open)
Communication Sciences Review
The standard anatomical position - ✔✔face forward, standing erect, feet together, palms
forward
What is the midline? - ✔✔an imaginary vertical line that divides the body into equal left and
right sides
Anterior - ✔✔towards front of the body
Posterior - ✔✔towards back; away from front of body
superior - ✔✔Higher on the body, nearer to the head (upper or above)
inferior - ✔✔Lower on the body, farther from the head (lower or below)
medial - ✔✔towards the midline
lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
Ipsilateral - ✔✔on the same side of body (left arm and left leg)
contralateral - ✔✔on opposite sides of body (right arm and left arm)
Superficial (external) - ✔✔toward or at the body surface
, Deep (internal) - ✔✔Away from the body surface; more internal
Ventral - ✔✔inferior (bottom of brain)
Dorsal - ✔✔superior (top of brain)
Rostral - ✔✔anterior (front of brain)
Caudal - ✔✔posterior (back of brain)
central - ✔✔located at the center or core (CNS)
peripheral - ✔✔located on the outer boundary away from the center (PNS)
The central nervous system - ✔✔brain and spinal cord; central core structures
peripheral nervous system - ✔✔includes the cranial and spinal nerves located on the
outside/periphery of the CNS
Proximal - ✔✔toward body; away from extremity
Distal - ✔✔away from body; towards the extremity
abduct/abduction - ✔✔to move away from midline (when vocal folds are abducted they are
open)
