MBA 704- Chapter 7 & 8 Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Positive Organizational Behavior - ANSWER The study and application of
positive-oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that
can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance
improvement in today's workplace
Operational Criteria for POB construct - ANSWER 1. Based on theory and
research
2. Valid measures
3. "State-like" and thus open to development
4.Managed for performance improvement
Positive Psychology - ANSWER -Scientific methodology to discover and promote
the factors that allow individuals, groups, organizations, and communities to
thrive
*Concerned with optimal human functioning instead of pathological human
functioning
Positive Psychology Levels (Seligman & Csikzentmihalyi - ANSWER 1. Values
subjective experiences
2. Positive individual traits
3. Civic virtues and the institutions that move individuals toward better
citizenship
H-R-W Model - ANSWER Interactive, reciprocal determination between one's
health, relationships, and work
1. About half can be attributed to a genetic, dispositional "hardwiring" 50%
2. About 10% seems to be the result of life's circumstances
3. The remaining 40 % of one's happiness, positivity, or HRW wellbeing is
determined by international activity
Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Development - ANSWER -Efficacy, hope,
optimism, and resiliency
Self-Efficacy - ANSWER -Interchangeable with confidence
-Self-reflection serves as the theoretical basis for self-efficacy
-Bandura's belief: "how well one can execute courses of action required to deal
with prospective situations"
, -Stajkovic & Luthans: "Self-efficacy refers to an individua's conviction about his
or her abilities to mobilize the motivation, cognitive resources, and courses of
action needed to successfully execute a specific task within a given content.
Specific vs General Self-Efficacy - ANSWER •Specific: people's belief in
successfully completing a specific task; state-like and open to training and
development
•General: people's belief in successfully accomplishing tasks across a wide
variety of achievement situations; trait-like and fixed
*General efficacy is "trait-like;" relatively stable over time like a personality trait.
*As a POB construct: self-efficacy is state-like and aimed at specific tasks and
open to training and development.
-Can directly affect: choice behaviors, motivational effort, perseverance,
facilitative thought patterns, vulnerability to stress
-High efficacy is strongly related and very predictive of high performance.
Major Sources of Information for Self-Efficacy - ANSWER -Mastery Experiences
or Performance Attainments
-Vicarious Experiences or Modeling
-Social Persuasion
-Physiological and Psychological Arousal
*Within organizations: self-efficacy can be enhanced through training and
development
Selection of Human Resources - ANSWER -Assessing the person's present
magnitude and strength of self-efficacy could be valuable input into the selection
decision.
*Magnitude measures the level of task difficulty that a person believes he or she
is capable of executing
-Composite I methods of scoring magnitude
Training & Development - ANSWER -Guided mastery: includes instructive
modeling to acquire a skill or competency, guided skill perfection, then
transferring the training back to the job to ensure self-directed success.
-Cognitive mastery modeling: learn thinking skills and how to apply them by
observing the decision rules and reasoning strategies successful models use as
they arrive at solutions to problems and make effective decisions.
-Development of self-regulatory competencies: self-motivation & self-
management
Other Applications of Self-Efficacy - ANSWER -Implication for stress
management, self-managed teams, job design and goal setting, leadership,
creative process/performance.
-Creative self-efficacy (employees' beliefs that they can be creative in their work
roles) predicted creative performance beyond the predictive effects of job self-
efficacy.
With Correct Answers
Positive Organizational Behavior - ANSWER The study and application of
positive-oriented human resource strengths and psychological capacities that
can be measured, developed, and effectively managed for performance
improvement in today's workplace
Operational Criteria for POB construct - ANSWER 1. Based on theory and
research
2. Valid measures
3. "State-like" and thus open to development
4.Managed for performance improvement
Positive Psychology - ANSWER -Scientific methodology to discover and promote
the factors that allow individuals, groups, organizations, and communities to
thrive
*Concerned with optimal human functioning instead of pathological human
functioning
Positive Psychology Levels (Seligman & Csikzentmihalyi - ANSWER 1. Values
subjective experiences
2. Positive individual traits
3. Civic virtues and the institutions that move individuals toward better
citizenship
H-R-W Model - ANSWER Interactive, reciprocal determination between one's
health, relationships, and work
1. About half can be attributed to a genetic, dispositional "hardwiring" 50%
2. About 10% seems to be the result of life's circumstances
3. The remaining 40 % of one's happiness, positivity, or HRW wellbeing is
determined by international activity
Psychological Capital (PsyCap) Development - ANSWER -Efficacy, hope,
optimism, and resiliency
Self-Efficacy - ANSWER -Interchangeable with confidence
-Self-reflection serves as the theoretical basis for self-efficacy
-Bandura's belief: "how well one can execute courses of action required to deal
with prospective situations"
, -Stajkovic & Luthans: "Self-efficacy refers to an individua's conviction about his
or her abilities to mobilize the motivation, cognitive resources, and courses of
action needed to successfully execute a specific task within a given content.
Specific vs General Self-Efficacy - ANSWER •Specific: people's belief in
successfully completing a specific task; state-like and open to training and
development
•General: people's belief in successfully accomplishing tasks across a wide
variety of achievement situations; trait-like and fixed
*General efficacy is "trait-like;" relatively stable over time like a personality trait.
*As a POB construct: self-efficacy is state-like and aimed at specific tasks and
open to training and development.
-Can directly affect: choice behaviors, motivational effort, perseverance,
facilitative thought patterns, vulnerability to stress
-High efficacy is strongly related and very predictive of high performance.
Major Sources of Information for Self-Efficacy - ANSWER -Mastery Experiences
or Performance Attainments
-Vicarious Experiences or Modeling
-Social Persuasion
-Physiological and Psychological Arousal
*Within organizations: self-efficacy can be enhanced through training and
development
Selection of Human Resources - ANSWER -Assessing the person's present
magnitude and strength of self-efficacy could be valuable input into the selection
decision.
*Magnitude measures the level of task difficulty that a person believes he or she
is capable of executing
-Composite I methods of scoring magnitude
Training & Development - ANSWER -Guided mastery: includes instructive
modeling to acquire a skill or competency, guided skill perfection, then
transferring the training back to the job to ensure self-directed success.
-Cognitive mastery modeling: learn thinking skills and how to apply them by
observing the decision rules and reasoning strategies successful models use as
they arrive at solutions to problems and make effective decisions.
-Development of self-regulatory competencies: self-motivation & self-
management
Other Applications of Self-Efficacy - ANSWER -Implication for stress
management, self-managed teams, job design and goal setting, leadership,
creative process/performance.
-Creative self-efficacy (employees' beliefs that they can be creative in their work
roles) predicted creative performance beyond the predictive effects of job self-
efficacy.
