CSS 430 Midterm || 100% Exact Answers.
3 goals of an Operating System correct answers - execute user programs
- make the computer system convenient to use
- use computer hardware efficiently
Computer System Components correct answers hardware, operating system, application
programs, users
Resource Allocator correct answers - manages all resources
- decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use
Control Program correct answers - controls execution of programs to prevent errors and
improper use of the computer
kernel correct answers the one program running at all times on the computer
bootstrap program correct answers loaded at power-up, stored in ROM (firmware), initializes
system and loads kernel/starts execution
common bus correct answers connects device controllers with CPUs and provides access to
shared memory
trap/exception correct answers software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or user
request
interrupt vector correct answers contains the addresses of all the service routines
interrupt handling correct answers operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing
registers and program counter
Colossus correct answers first programmable, electric computer, developed by British
codebreakers
ENIAC correct answers general purpose electronic computer to calculate artillery firing tables
John Von Neumann correct answers founded Von Neumann Architecture, Merge Sort algorithm,
ENIAC
Von Neumann Bottleneck correct answers No matter how fast a given processor can work, in
effect it is limited to the rate of transfer
Von Neumann Architecture correct answers Traditional computer architecture that forms the
basis of most digital computer systems. A single control unit manages program control flow
following a linear sequence of fetch-decode-execute
, Solution to Von Neumann Bottleneck correct answers caching - storing frequently used data
from RAM to cache
prefetching - moving some data into RAM ahead of time
multithreading
Batch systems correct answers jobs are assembled in groups, program had control over all
system resources. OS transfers control from one job to another
IBM 360 correct answers An early third-generation computer that is widely regarded as the first
general purpose mainframe. Multiprogramming
Multiprogramming correct answers many jobs kept in main memory at the same time, OS picks
one to execute and switches between jobs
Time-sharing system correct answers A central computer system, such as a mainframe, that is
used by multiple users and applications simultaneously.
Process correct answers contains address space, code, data, files. heavyweight in terms of
creation/termination/context switching
Multics correct answers First operating system to integrate securities in its core functions.
General purpose time-sharing utility
Unix correct answers OS focused on doing 1 thing uni(x), long and strong history
Personal Computer (PC) correct answers computer designed for general use by a single person
Virtualization correct answers running multiple systems simultaneously on one physical
computer, sharing same hardware
Cloud correct answers centralized compute managed by others. lower user cost, economy of
scale
IaaS correct answers Infrastructure as a Service - virtual machines and database instances
PaaS correct answers Platform as a Service - SQL Azure, hosted web, schedulers
SaaS correct answers software as a service - office products, google apps, itunes
Containers correct answers a type of virtualization that allows for shared operating systems for
more resource savings and faster execution
Container vs Virtual Machine correct answers a VM provides an abstract machine that uses
device drivers targeting the abstract machine, while a container provides an abstract OS
Kernel vs User mode correct answers user mode - no privileged instructions allowed
3 goals of an Operating System correct answers - execute user programs
- make the computer system convenient to use
- use computer hardware efficiently
Computer System Components correct answers hardware, operating system, application
programs, users
Resource Allocator correct answers - manages all resources
- decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use
Control Program correct answers - controls execution of programs to prevent errors and
improper use of the computer
kernel correct answers the one program running at all times on the computer
bootstrap program correct answers loaded at power-up, stored in ROM (firmware), initializes
system and loads kernel/starts execution
common bus correct answers connects device controllers with CPUs and provides access to
shared memory
trap/exception correct answers software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or user
request
interrupt vector correct answers contains the addresses of all the service routines
interrupt handling correct answers operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing
registers and program counter
Colossus correct answers first programmable, electric computer, developed by British
codebreakers
ENIAC correct answers general purpose electronic computer to calculate artillery firing tables
John Von Neumann correct answers founded Von Neumann Architecture, Merge Sort algorithm,
ENIAC
Von Neumann Bottleneck correct answers No matter how fast a given processor can work, in
effect it is limited to the rate of transfer
Von Neumann Architecture correct answers Traditional computer architecture that forms the
basis of most digital computer systems. A single control unit manages program control flow
following a linear sequence of fetch-decode-execute
, Solution to Von Neumann Bottleneck correct answers caching - storing frequently used data
from RAM to cache
prefetching - moving some data into RAM ahead of time
multithreading
Batch systems correct answers jobs are assembled in groups, program had control over all
system resources. OS transfers control from one job to another
IBM 360 correct answers An early third-generation computer that is widely regarded as the first
general purpose mainframe. Multiprogramming
Multiprogramming correct answers many jobs kept in main memory at the same time, OS picks
one to execute and switches between jobs
Time-sharing system correct answers A central computer system, such as a mainframe, that is
used by multiple users and applications simultaneously.
Process correct answers contains address space, code, data, files. heavyweight in terms of
creation/termination/context switching
Multics correct answers First operating system to integrate securities in its core functions.
General purpose time-sharing utility
Unix correct answers OS focused on doing 1 thing uni(x), long and strong history
Personal Computer (PC) correct answers computer designed for general use by a single person
Virtualization correct answers running multiple systems simultaneously on one physical
computer, sharing same hardware
Cloud correct answers centralized compute managed by others. lower user cost, economy of
scale
IaaS correct answers Infrastructure as a Service - virtual machines and database instances
PaaS correct answers Platform as a Service - SQL Azure, hosted web, schedulers
SaaS correct answers software as a service - office products, google apps, itunes
Containers correct answers a type of virtualization that allows for shared operating systems for
more resource savings and faster execution
Container vs Virtual Machine correct answers a VM provides an abstract machine that uses
device drivers targeting the abstract machine, while a container provides an abstract OS
Kernel vs User mode correct answers user mode - no privileged instructions allowed
