MODULE 2: BIOD 121 (PORTAGE) (2026) COMPREHENSIVE 200 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ( DETAILED & ELABORATED) ACTUAL EXAM 2026 TEST!!

MODULE 2: BIOD 121 (PORTAGE)
(2026) COMPREHENSIVE 200
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS ( DETAILED &
ELABORATED) ACTUAL EXAM 2026
TEST!!
Digestionm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmprocessmofmtransformingmfoodmintombasicmnutrientsmthatmcanmbemabsorbedma


ndmusedmbymthembody



Withoutmthemprocess,mthemnutrientsmweminitiallymconsumeminmfoodmwouldmbemuseless:m-
mCORRECTmANSWERmdigestion




Beforemfoodmevenmentersmthemmouth,mamcascademofmeventsminvolvingmthemnervousmsystemmandmam
varietymofmhormonesmaremsetmoffmbasedmonmamvarietymofmstimulus:m-
mCORRECTmANSWERmcognition,msound,modor,mappearance,mandmtaste




cognitionm-mCORRECTmANSWERmthoughtsmaboutmfoodmcanmstartmthemflowmofmsaliva



soundm-mCORRECTmANSWERmhearingmamdescriptionmofmthemmeal



odorm-mCORRECTmANSWERmsmellsmstimulatemamhungermresponsemandminfluencemitsmtaste



appearancem-mCORRECTmANSWERmseeingmthemfood



tastem-mCORRECTmANSWERmbeginsmasmthemfoodmentersmyourmmouthmandmalsomhowmitmfeels

,Oncemfoodmentersmthemmouthmitmbeginsmtombreakmdownmintomsmallermunitsminmbothm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmmechanicalmandmchemicalmprocesses




Mechanicalmprocessmbeginsm-mCORRECTmANSWERminmthemmouthmwithmchewing



peristalsism-
mCORRECTmANSWERminvoluntarymmusclemcontractionsmaremusedmtommovemfoodmmixturesmalongmt


hemtract



Enzymes,macid,mbile,mandmmucusm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmchemicalmmeansmthembodymhasmatmitsmdisposalmtomfurthermaidminmbreakingmd


ownmfood



enzymesm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmproteinsmthatmcatalyzem(speedmup)mchemicalmreactions.mTheymcatalyzemthemc


hemicalmreactionsmrequiredmtombreakmdownmfoodmparticlesmintomsmallermparts,mwhichmpreparesmt
hemnutrientsmformabsorption



gastrointestinalm(GI)mtractm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmamlongmhollowmtubemconsistingmofmseveralmlayersmofmtissuemthatmbeginsmwith


mthemmouthmandmendsmatmthemanus




nutrientmabsorptionmoccursmacrossmthemwallmofmthem-
mCORRECTmANSWERmgastrointestinalm(GI)mtract




mucosam(intestinalmwall)m-mCORRECTmANSWERmismtheminner-
mostmlayer,mandmitmismmademofmabsorptionmcellsmandmglands

, circularmandmlongitudinalmmusclesm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmcomprisemthemoutermlayers,mbothmofmwhichmfunctionmtommixmandmmovemfood


malongmthemGImtract




Circularmbandsmofmmusclem-
mCORRECTmANSWERmmostmoftenmfoundmwheremonempartmofmthemtractmconnectsmtomanother,mservi


ngmasmvalvesmtomcontrolmthemflowmofmthemfoodmparticles



3mprocessesmthembodymcanmusemtommovemnutrientsmfrommthemGImtractmintomthemblood/lymphmsyst
emmandmeventuallymintomthemcells:m-
mCORRECTmANSWERmPassivemdiffusion,mFacilitatedmdiffusion,mandmActivemtransport




Passivemdiffusionm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmsubstancesmmovemeasilyminmandmoutmofmcellsmwithoutmthemusemofmenergy.mN


utrientsmmovemfrommhighmtomlowmconcentration.



FacilitatedmDiffusionm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmnomenergymismrequired,mbutmamspecialmproteinmcarriermismrequiredmtomhelpmsu


bstancesmcrossminmormoutmofmthemcell.mNutrientsmmovemfrommhighmtomlowmconcentration.



2mprocessesmthatmmovemfrommhighmtomlowmconcentrationsmandmrequiremnomenergym-
mCORRECTmANSWERmpassivemandmfacilitatedmdiffusion




Activemtransportm-
mCORRECTmANSWERmenergymismrequiredmtommovemsubstancesminmormoutmofmthemcell.mNurtientsmm


ovemfrommlowmtomhighmconcentrations



Movesmnutrientsmagainstmthemnaturalmgradient:m-mCORRECTmANSWERmactivemtransport