FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES EXAM REVIEW GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES EXAM REVIEW
GUIDE 2026 COMPLETE PRACTICE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

●● What does extracellular fluid include? Answer: Interstitial fluid +
Plasma (and small amount transcellular)


●● What is the fluid that surrounds the cells called? Answer: Interstitial
fluid


●● What is the chief mechanism for maintaining fluid balance? Answer:
Regulate intake and output (mainly via kidneys)


●● Which organ has the greatest effect on fluid output? Answer:
Kidneys


●● What hormone reduces the amount of water in the body? Answer:
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)


●● What hormone increases the amount of water in the body? Answer:
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

, ●● What happens when dehydration begins to occur? Answer: Thirst
mechanism is stimulated


●● What are electrolytes? Answer: Substances that dissociate into ions
in water and conduct electricity


●● What is the most abundant positive ion in blood plasma? Answer:
Sodium (Na⁺)


●● What is the most abundant negative ion in blood plasma? Answer:
Chloride (Cl⁻)


●● Which electrolyte is important in hemoglobin production? Answer:
Iron (Fe)


●● Which electrolyte is important in the formation of thyroid hormones?
Answer: Iodine (I)


●● What is the main protein in blood plasma? Answer: Albumin


●● What is the most important regulator of sodium in the body? Answer:
Aldosterone