FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES PRACTICE EXAM 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND DETAILED SOLUTIONS

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES PRACTICE
EXAM 2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED SOLUTIONS

●● Body Water %. Answer: Body is ~60% water; varies by age, gender,
fat


●● ICF vs ECF. Answer: ICF = inside cells (⅔ water) | ECF = outside
cells


●● Electrolytes Definition. Answer: Charged particles that regulate
water, nerve & muscle function


●● Cations. Answer: (+) Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺


●● Anions. Answer: (-) Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻


●● Osmosis Water. Answer: moves toward higher solute concentration


●● Hydrostatic Pressure. Answer: Pushes fluid OUT


●● Osmotic Pressure. Answer: Pulls fluid IN

, ●● Diffusion Solutes. Answer: move high → low | No energy


●● Filtration Fluid. Answer: moves high → low pressure


●● Active Transport. Answer: Requires ATP (ex: Na/K pump)


●● Daily Weight. Answer: Best indicator of fluid balance


●● Main Fluid Regulators. Answer: Kidneys, heart, lungs, adrenal,
pituitary, parathyroid


●● Older Adult Risk Higher risk of dehydration due to. Answer: ↓ thirst
& kidney function


●● Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD). Answer: Hypovolemia from loss or low
intake


●● FVD Symptoms. Answer: Weight loss, dry mucosa, weak pulse, low
BP, concentrated urine


●● FVD Treatment. Answer: Oral or IV fluid replacement