MCPHS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
EXAM 3 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
EXAMS COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PRACTICE SOLUTION
⩥ Enzyme function.
Answer: Act as a catalyst (increase rate of reaction) by lowering
activation energy (metabolism)
⩥ Lipid characteristics.
Answer: - contain C H O
- no 2:1 ratio of H:O
- insoluble in water (because they are nonpolar)
- ex: fat, oil, cholestrol, triglycerides, phospholipids
- glycerol/fatty acids are the building blocks
⩥ Lipid functions.
Answer: - long term energy storage
- insulates against heat loss (fat)
- protective cushion for organs
- cholesterol (made in liver) is part of the cell membrane structure
(=resiliency, flexibility, fluidity)
,⩥ Types of lipids.
Answer: 1) saturated: single covalent bonds between carbon atoms (ex:
beef, pork, whole milk, cheese, eggs) => takes longer to break down (not
readily available)
2) unsaturated: one or more double covalent bonds b/t carbons (not as
stable, not all H's connected; ex: olive/fish/sunflower oil)
⩥ Transfats.
Answer: loaded with too much Hydrogen. Found in the middle of the
supermarket -> very stable/preserved
⩥ Phospholipids.
Answer: polar region > hydrophilic/water loving
nonpolar > hydrophobic
⩥ Nucleic Acids.
Answer: - composed of C H O N P
ex) DNA and RNA
- nucleotides are the building blocks (composed of nitrogen base,
phosphate, and 5 carbon sugar
⩥ Cell Functions.
, Answer: - basic unit of life
- synthesis of molecules
- communication (both w/ itself and neighboring cells)
- cell metabolism and energy release
- reproduction and inheritance (DNA)
⩥ Organelles.
Answer: specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions
- "little organs"
ex) nucleus, mitochondria, ribsomes
⩥ Cytoplasm.
Answer: jellylike substance that holds organelles;
inside cell; gives shell shape and holds organelles in place
⩥ Cell membrane.
Answer: - outermost component of cell
- selective barrier, encloses cytoplasm
- extracellular: material outside cell
- intracellular: material inside cell
⩥ Cell Membrane structure.
EXAM 3 CERTIFICATION EVALUATION
EXAMS COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS PRACTICE SOLUTION
⩥ Enzyme function.
Answer: Act as a catalyst (increase rate of reaction) by lowering
activation energy (metabolism)
⩥ Lipid characteristics.
Answer: - contain C H O
- no 2:1 ratio of H:O
- insoluble in water (because they are nonpolar)
- ex: fat, oil, cholestrol, triglycerides, phospholipids
- glycerol/fatty acids are the building blocks
⩥ Lipid functions.
Answer: - long term energy storage
- insulates against heat loss (fat)
- protective cushion for organs
- cholesterol (made in liver) is part of the cell membrane structure
(=resiliency, flexibility, fluidity)
,⩥ Types of lipids.
Answer: 1) saturated: single covalent bonds between carbon atoms (ex:
beef, pork, whole milk, cheese, eggs) => takes longer to break down (not
readily available)
2) unsaturated: one or more double covalent bonds b/t carbons (not as
stable, not all H's connected; ex: olive/fish/sunflower oil)
⩥ Transfats.
Answer: loaded with too much Hydrogen. Found in the middle of the
supermarket -> very stable/preserved
⩥ Phospholipids.
Answer: polar region > hydrophilic/water loving
nonpolar > hydrophobic
⩥ Nucleic Acids.
Answer: - composed of C H O N P
ex) DNA and RNA
- nucleotides are the building blocks (composed of nitrogen base,
phosphate, and 5 carbon sugar
⩥ Cell Functions.
, Answer: - basic unit of life
- synthesis of molecules
- communication (both w/ itself and neighboring cells)
- cell metabolism and energy release
- reproduction and inheritance (DNA)
⩥ Organelles.
Answer: specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions
- "little organs"
ex) nucleus, mitochondria, ribsomes
⩥ Cytoplasm.
Answer: jellylike substance that holds organelles;
inside cell; gives shell shape and holds organelles in place
⩥ Cell membrane.
Answer: - outermost component of cell
- selective barrier, encloses cytoplasm
- extracellular: material outside cell
- intracellular: material inside cell
⩥ Cell Membrane structure.
