Mccance HuetHer PatHoPHysiology test 1 exaM latest 2026 actual
Questions and VeriFied answers (latest uPdate) a+ grade
100% guarantee VeriFied by exPerts
central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER-consists of brain and spinal cord, enclosed
within the cranial vault and vertebrae
peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER-composed of cranial nerves and spinal
nerves
also can be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems
cranial nerves - ANSWER-project from the brain and pass through foramina in the skull
spinal nerves - ANSWER-project from the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral
foramina of the vertebrae
afferent - ANSWER-pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS
efferent - ANSWER-descending pathways carrying sensory impulses from the CNS to
effector organs
somatic nervous system - ANSWER-consist of motor and sensory pathways regulating
voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER-consists of motor and sensory components and
is involved with regulation of the body's internal environment through involuntary
control of organ systems
-can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
microtubules - ANSWER-made of protein and believed to be involved in transport of
cellular products
,neuroglial cells - ANSWER-found in the CNS and PNS and can provide structural
support and nutrition for neurons, remove debris, increase speed of nerve impulses, and
play a role in memory
Nissl substances - ANSWER-consist of ER and ribosomes and are involved in protein
synthesis
nuclei - ANSWER-dense, packed cell bodies in the CNS
ganglia - ANSWER-groups of cells bodies in the PNS
dendrites - ANSWER-extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
dendritic zone - ANSWER-the receptive portion of a neuron that receives a stimulus and
continues further conduction
axons - ANSWER-long, conductive projections from the cell body that carry nerve
impulses away from the cell body
axon hillock - ANSWER-the cone-shaped, organelle-free area where the axon leaves the
cell body
fascicles - ANSWER-bundles of axons in large nerves
myelin - ANSWER-an insulating substance made of a segmented layer of lipid material
endoneurium - ANSWER-a delicate connective tissue around each axon in the PNS
nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER-interruptions in the neurilemma and myelin sheath
,saltatory conduction - ANSWER-process by which ions can flow between segments
rather than along the entire length of the membrane, resulting in increased velocity of
neuronal conduction
divergence - ANSWER-ability of branching axons to influence many different neurons
convergence - ANSWER-branches of numerous neurons converging on and influencing
one or a few nuerons
larger - ANSWER-_________axons transmit impulses at a faster rate
unipolar - ANSWER-neurons have one process that branches shortly after leaving the
cell body.
pseudounipolar - ANSWER-neurons that have one process that has its dendritic portion
extending away from the CNS and its axon portion projecting into the CNS
-typical of sensory neurons in cranial and spinal nerves
bipolar - ANSWER-neurons that have two distinct processes arising from the cell body;
example: neuron connecting rod and cone cells of the retina
multipolar - ANSWER-neurons that are the most common and have multiple dendrites
and a single axon; example: most motor neurons
sensory - ANSWER-neurons that carry im,pulses from peripheral sensory receptors to
the CNS
interneurons - ANSWER-transmit impulses from neuron to neuron and are also
involved in cognitive function
motor - ANSWER-neurons that transmit impulses away from the CNS to an effector
organ
, neuroglia - ANSWER-most numerous type of CNS cell
astrocyte - ANSWER-a neuroglial cell that fills spaces between neurons and surrounds
blood vessels in the CNS
oligodendrocyte - ANSWER-a neuroglial cell that functions to deposit myelin within the
CNS; the CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells
ependymal - ANSWER-neuroglial cell that lines the CSF-filled cavities in the CNS
microglia - ANSWER-remove debris through phagocytosis in the CNS
Schwann cell - ANSWER-a glial cell that wraps around and covers axons in the PNS.
Forms and maintains the myelin sheath
wallerian degeneration - ANSWER-the sequence of events that occur when an axon is
severed
synapse - ANSWER-region between adjacent neurons
presynaptic - ANSWER-neurons that relay impulses toward the synapse
postsynaptic - ANSWER-neurons that relay impulses away from the synapse
action potential - ANSWER-An ______ _______ in the presynaptic neuron causes the
synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters through the plasma membrane into
the synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter - ANSWER-A ________ is normally stored on one side of a synaptic
cleft, and its receptors are on the other side
Questions and VeriFied answers (latest uPdate) a+ grade
100% guarantee VeriFied by exPerts
central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER-consists of brain and spinal cord, enclosed
within the cranial vault and vertebrae
peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER-composed of cranial nerves and spinal
nerves
also can be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems
cranial nerves - ANSWER-project from the brain and pass through foramina in the skull
spinal nerves - ANSWER-project from the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral
foramina of the vertebrae
afferent - ANSWER-pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS
efferent - ANSWER-descending pathways carrying sensory impulses from the CNS to
effector organs
somatic nervous system - ANSWER-consist of motor and sensory pathways regulating
voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
autonomic nervous system - ANSWER-consists of motor and sensory components and
is involved with regulation of the body's internal environment through involuntary
control of organ systems
-can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
microtubules - ANSWER-made of protein and believed to be involved in transport of
cellular products
,neuroglial cells - ANSWER-found in the CNS and PNS and can provide structural
support and nutrition for neurons, remove debris, increase speed of nerve impulses, and
play a role in memory
Nissl substances - ANSWER-consist of ER and ribosomes and are involved in protein
synthesis
nuclei - ANSWER-dense, packed cell bodies in the CNS
ganglia - ANSWER-groups of cells bodies in the PNS
dendrites - ANSWER-extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
dendritic zone - ANSWER-the receptive portion of a neuron that receives a stimulus and
continues further conduction
axons - ANSWER-long, conductive projections from the cell body that carry nerve
impulses away from the cell body
axon hillock - ANSWER-the cone-shaped, organelle-free area where the axon leaves the
cell body
fascicles - ANSWER-bundles of axons in large nerves
myelin - ANSWER-an insulating substance made of a segmented layer of lipid material
endoneurium - ANSWER-a delicate connective tissue around each axon in the PNS
nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER-interruptions in the neurilemma and myelin sheath
,saltatory conduction - ANSWER-process by which ions can flow between segments
rather than along the entire length of the membrane, resulting in increased velocity of
neuronal conduction
divergence - ANSWER-ability of branching axons to influence many different neurons
convergence - ANSWER-branches of numerous neurons converging on and influencing
one or a few nuerons
larger - ANSWER-_________axons transmit impulses at a faster rate
unipolar - ANSWER-neurons have one process that branches shortly after leaving the
cell body.
pseudounipolar - ANSWER-neurons that have one process that has its dendritic portion
extending away from the CNS and its axon portion projecting into the CNS
-typical of sensory neurons in cranial and spinal nerves
bipolar - ANSWER-neurons that have two distinct processes arising from the cell body;
example: neuron connecting rod and cone cells of the retina
multipolar - ANSWER-neurons that are the most common and have multiple dendrites
and a single axon; example: most motor neurons
sensory - ANSWER-neurons that carry im,pulses from peripheral sensory receptors to
the CNS
interneurons - ANSWER-transmit impulses from neuron to neuron and are also
involved in cognitive function
motor - ANSWER-neurons that transmit impulses away from the CNS to an effector
organ
, neuroglia - ANSWER-most numerous type of CNS cell
astrocyte - ANSWER-a neuroglial cell that fills spaces between neurons and surrounds
blood vessels in the CNS
oligodendrocyte - ANSWER-a neuroglial cell that functions to deposit myelin within the
CNS; the CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells
ependymal - ANSWER-neuroglial cell that lines the CSF-filled cavities in the CNS
microglia - ANSWER-remove debris through phagocytosis in the CNS
Schwann cell - ANSWER-a glial cell that wraps around and covers axons in the PNS.
Forms and maintains the myelin sheath
wallerian degeneration - ANSWER-the sequence of events that occur when an axon is
severed
synapse - ANSWER-region between adjacent neurons
presynaptic - ANSWER-neurons that relay impulses toward the synapse
postsynaptic - ANSWER-neurons that relay impulses away from the synapse
action potential - ANSWER-An ______ _______ in the presynaptic neuron causes the
synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters through the plasma membrane into
the synaptic cleft
neurotransmitter - ANSWER-A ________ is normally stored on one side of a synaptic
cleft, and its receptors are on the other side
