PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A PLUS
◉ the public at large
Answer: The victim for most crimes against the public is
◉ • gambling
• prostitution
• disorderly conduct
• weapons offenses
• drug and alcohol crimes
Answer: Common crimes against the public include
◉ false statements, inconsistent statements and false statement in a
document
Answer: three types of perjury
◉ accepting a bribe
Answer: (1) a public employee may never, with corrupt intent;
,(2) ask, demand or agree to receive anything of value;
(3) in exchange for an official favor, fraud on a public agency or
promising to take any action or official inaction
◉ corrupt intent
Answer: a direct or indirect offer to provide something of value for
official action or inaction. Commonwealth v. Qualter, 19 Mass. App.
Ct. 970 (1985)
◉ direct evidence
Answer: directly links a person to a crime and without the need of
any additional evidence or inference.
For example, a video recording of offender robbing the convenience
store while holding a gun.
◉ Circumstantial evidence
Answer: relies on an inference to connect a conclusion of fact
◉ physical evidence
Answer: tangible and may be direct or circumstantial
, includes objects, property or items seized at crime scenes or during
searches
◉ testimonial evidence
Answer: evidence that may be direct or circumstantial. It includes
first-hand statements made by victims, witnesses, suspects or police.
◉ • statements made directly to police
• spontaneous utterances overheard by witnesses
• written statements
• interview and interrogation recordings
Answer: Examples of testimonial evidence can include
◉ Direct (Testimonial) Evidence
Answer: when a victim, suspect or witness makes a statement about
what he or she saw, heard or felt "firsthand" using his or her own
senses.
◉ circumstantial testimonial evidence