PATH 1000 LATEST ACTUAL UPDATED
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What is the most common cause of ascites? - ✔✔Increased capillary hydrostatic
pressure or loss of albumin.
✔✔What is jaundice? - ✔✔A yellow-green color of the skin from hyperbilirubinemia.
✔✔What are the three types of obstructions that can cause jaundice? -
✔✔Extrahepatic, intrahepatic, and prehepatic obstructions.
✔✔What is cirrhosis? - ✔✔Widespread scarring of the liver from fibrosis.
✔✔What are the five types of viral hepatitis? - ✔✔HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV.
✔✔What is the prodromal phase of viral hepatitis? - ✔✔Occurs 2 weeks after exposure,
ends when jaundice appears.
✔✔What is cholelithiasis? - ✔✔The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.
✔✔What are the three types of gallstones? - ✔✔Cholesterol stones, pigment stones,
and mixed stones.
✔✔What is the pathophysiology of cholelithiasis? - ✔✔Impaired metabolism of
cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile acids leading to stone formation.
✔✔What is acute pancreatitis? - ✔✔Acute, reversible inflammation of the pancreas.
✔✔What can cause acute pancreatitis? - ✔✔Obstruction caused by gallstones or
tumors.
, ✔✔What are the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis? - ✔✔Severe abdominal
pain, fever, leukocytosis, nausea, vomiting.
✔✔What is the role of Kupffer cells in viral hepatitis? - ✔✔They are involved in the
immune response and inflammation in the liver.
✔✔What happens during the icteric phase of viral hepatitis? - ✔✔Jaundice occurs, urine
is dark, and stool is clay-colored.
✔✔What are potential complications of Crohn's Disease? - ✔✔Bowel obstruction and
fistulas.
✔✔What is the significance of pseudopolyps in Ulcerative Colitis? - ✔✔They may
develop due to chronic inflammation.
✔✔What is the effect of cirrhosis on portal hypertension? - ✔✔It leads to increased
pressure in the portal venous system.
✔✔What is the main risk factor for developing gallbladder disorders? - ✔✔Obstruction
and inflammation.
✔✔What are the two most common symptoms of pulmonary disease? - ✔✔Dyspnea
and cough
✔✔What is hemoptysis? - ✔✔Coughing up blood
✔✔Define dyspnea. - ✔✔Breathing discomfort with an attempt to increase respiratory
effort.
✔✔What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? - ✔✔A sudden episode of shortness of
breath that occurs during sleep.
✔✔What are three severe signs of dyspnea? - ✔✔Flaring of nostrils, use of accessory
muscles, retraction of intercostal spaces.
✔✔What are Kussmaul's respirations? - ✔✔Hyperpnea characterized by increased
respiratory rate, large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause.
✔✔What triggers Cheyne-Stoke's respirations? - ✔✔It is characterized by a cyclical
pattern of breathing with periods of apnea.
✔✔What is hypoventilation and its consequence? - ✔✔Decreased ventilation leading to
hypercapnia and acidosis.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What is the most common cause of ascites? - ✔✔Increased capillary hydrostatic
pressure or loss of albumin.
✔✔What is jaundice? - ✔✔A yellow-green color of the skin from hyperbilirubinemia.
✔✔What are the three types of obstructions that can cause jaundice? -
✔✔Extrahepatic, intrahepatic, and prehepatic obstructions.
✔✔What is cirrhosis? - ✔✔Widespread scarring of the liver from fibrosis.
✔✔What are the five types of viral hepatitis? - ✔✔HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV.
✔✔What is the prodromal phase of viral hepatitis? - ✔✔Occurs 2 weeks after exposure,
ends when jaundice appears.
✔✔What is cholelithiasis? - ✔✔The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.
✔✔What are the three types of gallstones? - ✔✔Cholesterol stones, pigment stones,
and mixed stones.
✔✔What is the pathophysiology of cholelithiasis? - ✔✔Impaired metabolism of
cholesterol, bilirubin, and bile acids leading to stone formation.
✔✔What is acute pancreatitis? - ✔✔Acute, reversible inflammation of the pancreas.
✔✔What can cause acute pancreatitis? - ✔✔Obstruction caused by gallstones or
tumors.
, ✔✔What are the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis? - ✔✔Severe abdominal
pain, fever, leukocytosis, nausea, vomiting.
✔✔What is the role of Kupffer cells in viral hepatitis? - ✔✔They are involved in the
immune response and inflammation in the liver.
✔✔What happens during the icteric phase of viral hepatitis? - ✔✔Jaundice occurs, urine
is dark, and stool is clay-colored.
✔✔What are potential complications of Crohn's Disease? - ✔✔Bowel obstruction and
fistulas.
✔✔What is the significance of pseudopolyps in Ulcerative Colitis? - ✔✔They may
develop due to chronic inflammation.
✔✔What is the effect of cirrhosis on portal hypertension? - ✔✔It leads to increased
pressure in the portal venous system.
✔✔What is the main risk factor for developing gallbladder disorders? - ✔✔Obstruction
and inflammation.
✔✔What are the two most common symptoms of pulmonary disease? - ✔✔Dyspnea
and cough
✔✔What is hemoptysis? - ✔✔Coughing up blood
✔✔Define dyspnea. - ✔✔Breathing discomfort with an attempt to increase respiratory
effort.
✔✔What is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? - ✔✔A sudden episode of shortness of
breath that occurs during sleep.
✔✔What are three severe signs of dyspnea? - ✔✔Flaring of nostrils, use of accessory
muscles, retraction of intercostal spaces.
✔✔What are Kussmaul's respirations? - ✔✔Hyperpnea characterized by increased
respiratory rate, large tidal volume, and no expiratory pause.
✔✔What triggers Cheyne-Stoke's respirations? - ✔✔It is characterized by a cyclical
pattern of breathing with periods of apnea.
✔✔What is hypoventilation and its consequence? - ✔✔Decreased ventilation leading to
hypercapnia and acidosis.
