NSG 3850 Pathophysiology for Nurses II Exam 1
Latest Practice Test with a Review of 200
Questions and Correct Answers/ NSG 3850 Exam
1 2026-2027 Latest Prep Test Bank
Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include
a. muscle spasms and rapid respirations.
b. muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias.
c. confusion and irritability.
d. vomiting and diarrhea. - ANSWER-b. muscle weakness and cardiac
dysrhythmias.
Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include
a. tachycardia.
b. increased serum sodium concentration.
c. bounding pulse.
d. increased hematocrit. - ANSWER-c. Bounding pulse
Hyperaldosteronism causes
a. ECV deficit and hyperkalemia.
b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
1
,c. hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
d. excessive water reabsorption without affecting sodium concentration. -
ANSWER-b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
A newborn patient is diagnosed with hemolytic disease. The nurse may expect to
find what signs and symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
a. Petechial hemorrhages
b. Hepatomegaly
c. Splenomegaly
d. Kernicterus
e. Erythema - ANSWER-a. Petechial hemorrhages
b. Hepatomegaly
c. Splenomegaly
d. Kernicterus
Hapten mechanisms are found in which medications? (Select all that apply.)
a. Ibuprofen
b. Narcotics
c. Penicillin
d. Cephalosporins
e. Tetracycline - ANSWER-c. Penicillin
d. Cephalosporins
e. Tetracycline
2
,The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who
a. self-administers a daily tap water enema to manage a partial bowel obstruction.
b. receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
c. has ectopic production of ADH from small cell carcinoma of the lung.
d. is receiving IV 0.9% NaCl at a fast rate. - ANSWER-b. receives tube feedings
because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing
up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
a. ―Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit
and hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria.
b. ―If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he
is lying down, then he is probably dehydrated.
c. ―If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably
dehydrated.‖
d. ―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated. - ANSWER-d.
―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
When providing teaching to new parents about fluid and electrolytes in their
newborn, what information does the nurse include?
a. Infants are prone to dehydration because their body water content is so small.
b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid loss after birth.
c. Crying children become dehydrated quickly due to respiratory fluid loss.
3
, d. Adding extra powdered formula when mixing a bottle will help baby conserve
fluid. - ANSWER-b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid
loss after birth.
For general good health, the nurse advises the older patient to do which of the
following?
a. Drink fluids on a schedule rather than waiting to feel thirsty.
b. If laxatives are needed, use ones that are magnesium based.
c. If antacids are needed, use ones that are magnesium based.
d. Due to nocturia seen in older adults, restrict fluid intake after 6 pm. -
ANSWER-a. Drink fluids on a schedule rather than waiting to feel thirsty.
A patient diagnosed with chronic compensated heart failure reports that, ―My feet
swell if I eat salt but I don't understand why. The nurse's best response is:
a. ―Salt holds water in your blood and makes more pressure against your blood
vessels, so fluid leaks out into your tissues and makes them swell.
b. ―Gravity makes more pressure down by your feet than up at the top of your
body, so more fluid leaks into your tissues at your feet and they swell.
c. ―Salt makes your blood vessels relax and the blood does not flow as fast, so
some
of it leaks into your tissues and makes swelling.‖
d. ―Salt binds to the proteins in your blood and changes the osmotic pressure so
more
fluid can leak out and stay in the tissues, causing swelling - ANSWER-a. ―Salt
holds water in your blood and makes more pressure against your blood
vessels, so fluid leaks out into your tissues and makes them swell.
4
Latest Practice Test with a Review of 200
Questions and Correct Answers/ NSG 3850 Exam
1 2026-2027 Latest Prep Test Bank
Clinical manifestations of moderate to severe hypokalemia include
a. muscle spasms and rapid respirations.
b. muscle weakness and cardiac dysrhythmias.
c. confusion and irritability.
d. vomiting and diarrhea. - ANSWER-b. muscle weakness and cardiac
dysrhythmias.
Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include
a. tachycardia.
b. increased serum sodium concentration.
c. bounding pulse.
d. increased hematocrit. - ANSWER-c. Bounding pulse
Hyperaldosteronism causes
a. ECV deficit and hyperkalemia.
b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
1
,c. hyponatremia and hyperkalemia.
d. excessive water reabsorption without affecting sodium concentration. -
ANSWER-b. ECV excess and hypokalemia.
A newborn patient is diagnosed with hemolytic disease. The nurse may expect to
find what signs and symptoms? (Select all that apply.)
a. Petechial hemorrhages
b. Hepatomegaly
c. Splenomegaly
d. Kernicterus
e. Erythema - ANSWER-a. Petechial hemorrhages
b. Hepatomegaly
c. Splenomegaly
d. Kernicterus
Hapten mechanisms are found in which medications? (Select all that apply.)
a. Ibuprofen
b. Narcotics
c. Penicillin
d. Cephalosporins
e. Tetracycline - ANSWER-c. Penicillin
d. Cephalosporins
e. Tetracycline
2
,The person at highest risk for developing hypernatremia is a person who
a. self-administers a daily tap water enema to manage a partial bowel obstruction.
b. receives tube feedings because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
c. has ectopic production of ADH from small cell carcinoma of the lung.
d. is receiving IV 0.9% NaCl at a fast rate. - ANSWER-b. receives tube feedings
because he or she is comatose after a stroke.
When a parent asks how they will know if their 2-month-old baby, who is throwing
up and has frequent diarrhea, is dehydrated, the nurse's best response is:
a. ―Clinical dehydration is the combination of extracellular fluid volume deficit
and hypernatremia, so those are the diagnostic criteria.
b. ―If he doesn't wet his diaper all afternoon and his neck veins look flat when he
is lying down, then he is probably dehydrated.
c. ―If he sleeps more than usual and acts tired when he is awake, then he is
probably
dehydrated.‖
d. ―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated. - ANSWER-d.
―If the soft spot on the top of his head feels sunken in and his mouth is dry
between his cheek and his gums, then he is probably dehydrated.
When providing teaching to new parents about fluid and electrolytes in their
newborn, what information does the nurse include?
a. Infants are prone to dehydration because their body water content is so small.
b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid loss after birth.
c. Crying children become dehydrated quickly due to respiratory fluid loss.
3
, d. Adding extra powdered formula when mixing a bottle will help baby conserve
fluid. - ANSWER-b. A newborn loses 5% to 10% body weight due to normal fluid
loss after birth.
For general good health, the nurse advises the older patient to do which of the
following?
a. Drink fluids on a schedule rather than waiting to feel thirsty.
b. If laxatives are needed, use ones that are magnesium based.
c. If antacids are needed, use ones that are magnesium based.
d. Due to nocturia seen in older adults, restrict fluid intake after 6 pm. -
ANSWER-a. Drink fluids on a schedule rather than waiting to feel thirsty.
A patient diagnosed with chronic compensated heart failure reports that, ―My feet
swell if I eat salt but I don't understand why. The nurse's best response is:
a. ―Salt holds water in your blood and makes more pressure against your blood
vessels, so fluid leaks out into your tissues and makes them swell.
b. ―Gravity makes more pressure down by your feet than up at the top of your
body, so more fluid leaks into your tissues at your feet and they swell.
c. ―Salt makes your blood vessels relax and the blood does not flow as fast, so
some
of it leaks into your tissues and makes swelling.‖
d. ―Salt binds to the proteins in your blood and changes the osmotic pressure so
more
fluid can leak out and stay in the tissues, causing swelling - ANSWER-a. ―Salt
holds water in your blood and makes more pressure against your blood
vessels, so fluid leaks out into your tissues and makes them swell.
4
