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What are the 5 phases of enforcement action ✔Correct Answer--Detection
Apprehension
Prosecution
Adjudication
Penalization
What occurs during the detection phase of enforcement action ✔Correct Answer--Reasonable
suspicion and probable cause
What are the 4 types of traffic apprehension in the apprehension phase of enforcement action
✔Correct Answer--Verbal warning
Written warning
Issuance of a citation for a misdemeanor or infraction
Arrest
Can individuals be arrested for an infraction? ✔Correct Answer--NO, however, an individual
may be charged with an infraction when he or she is arrested for a misdemeanor of higher
offenses
What does the issuance of citation require by the violator ✔Correct Answer--requires and
directs the person to appear in court and answer the charge
What are written warnings ✔Correct Answer--written documentation of traffic violation
without being summoned to court.
Often for equipment violations and minor moving violations
What are warrantless arrests usually reserved for ✔Correct Answer--serious misdemeanor
and/ or felony offenses before or during traffic stops
What can you arrest for during a traffic stop ✔Correct Answer--Violator has no viable form of
ID
Violator committed any misdemeanor or higher criminal offense in the officer's presence
Violator did not commit the misdemeanor or higher offense in the presence of the officer, but
the officer believers absent immediate arrest, the violator may cause physical injury to himself
or others
, During the prosecution phase, what is LEO responsible for ✔Correct Answer--identifying/
gathering evidence, making appropriate charge, preparing a complete and accurate incident
report, presenting all evidence in comprehensive report to prosecutor
Who is responsible for adjudication ✔Correct Answer--court
this phase determines the accused's guilt by the magistrate, judge, and/ or jury
Who is responsible for penalization ✔Correct Answer--court, sentencing given by court
What are 4 methods of observing traffic ✔Correct Answer--area patrol
line patrol
directed patrol
stationary observation
What is area patrol ✔Correct Answer--Includes streets, roads, intersections of highways..
officers use this type of patrol on a day to day basis conducting their duties
What is line patrol ✔Correct Answer--Observation of a moving or stationary patrol car on a
specific route between two points. usually on a major street or highway.
These are often used with time-distance computers and radio detection and ranging (RADAR)
What is directed patrol ✔Correct Answer--Supervisors specifying enforcement efforts in an
area or line patrol at a specific time/ location for a specific violation
What is stationary observation ✔Correct Answer--either covert or overt, can be used to make
observations about the flow of traffic at a particular location. Usually occurs at a place with a
high crash rate or traffic flow problem and used primarily to detect violations and deter possible
violators
What are the three methods of conducting selective traffic enforcement ✔Correct Answer--
High visibility enforcement (HVE)
Saturated Patrol
Checking Station
What is High Visibility enforcement (HVE) ✔Correct Answer--Universal traffic safety approach
designed to create deterrence and change unlawful traffic behaviors.
Combines high visible and proactive LE targeting a specific traffic safety issue (seat belt
violations, speeding, etc.)