Nursing Fundamentals
4 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Exam 4 — Fundamentals
S L E E P, E L I M I N AT I O N , S E L F - CO N C E PT, CO M M U N I C AT I O N & E N D - O F - L I F E C A R E
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 4 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 100+ Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 100+ questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
SLEEP, ELIMINATION, SELF-CONCEPT, COMMUNICATION & END-OF-LIFE Questions 1 – 100+
1. Rest is best defined as:
A. Unconsciousness with rapid eye movement.
B. A state of decreased activity that results in feeling refreshed.
C. Complete immobility.
D. Deep sleep only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Rest = decreased activity resulting in refreshment. Sleep = altered consciousness with relative inactivity. Both are essential for health.
RATIONALE Functions of rest: energy conservation, stress reduction, mental/cognitive clarity, pain management, healing. Functions of sleep: physical restoration, cognitive function, memory
consolidation, emotional regulation, immune function, metabolism.
2. Stage 3 of NREM sleep is characterized by:
A. Light transitional sleep — 5% of total sleep cycle.
B. Deep sleep with low-frequency, high-amplitude delta waves (slow-wave sleep) — the immune system strengthens.
C. REM sleep with dreaming and increased brain activity.
D. Deeper light sleep with decreased respirations, HR, and temperature.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Stage 3 = deep/slow-wave sleep. Stage 1 = light transitional (5%). Stage 2 = deeper light (HR/RR/temp ↓). Stage 4/REM = dreaming, HR/BP ↑, muscle atonia, 20-25% of
sleep, begins ~90 min after falling asleep.
RATIONALE One sleep cycle = 90-110 minutes. Circadian rhythm = internal 24-hour sleep-wake cycle regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The hippocampus converts short-term to long-
term memory during sleep.
3. Insomnia is defined as:
A. Excessive daytime fatigue without improvement after more sleep.
B. An ongoing inability to sleep despite having the opportunity — can present as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, waking early, or feeling tired upon waking.
C. Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks with direct REM entry.
D. Recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Insomnia = difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Hypersomnia = excessive daytime fatigue despite adequate sleep. Narcolepsy = sudden sleep attacks. Obstructive
sleep apnea = airway collapse.
RATIONALE Central sleep apnea = brain fails to transmit signals to respiratory muscles. Sleep deprivation affects higher-order cognition, impairs judgment, decreases response time, and can
trigger seizures, migraines, and tension headaches.
4. Tryptophan-rich foods that promote sleep include:
A. Caffeinated beverages.
B. Chicken breast, turkey, milk, nuts, seeds — tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin.
C. High-sugar snacks.
D. Spicy foods.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Tryptophan → serotonin → melatonin pathway promotes sleep. Complex carbohydrates help tryptophan cross the blood-brain barrier. Magnesium-rich foods (leafy
greens, nuts) promote muscle relaxation.
RATIONALE Melatonin-boosting foods: tart cherries, walnuts, bananas. Herbs for sleep: lavender, chamomile, ashwagandha, valerian root. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and large meals close to
bedtime. Pharmacological: melatonin, antihistamines, benzodiazepines (short-term only).
4 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Exam 4 — Fundamentals
S L E E P, E L I M I N AT I O N , S E L F - CO N C E PT, CO M M U N I C AT I O N & E N D - O F - L I F E C A R E
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 4 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 100+ Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 100+ questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
SLEEP, ELIMINATION, SELF-CONCEPT, COMMUNICATION & END-OF-LIFE Questions 1 – 100+
1. Rest is best defined as:
A. Unconsciousness with rapid eye movement.
B. A state of decreased activity that results in feeling refreshed.
C. Complete immobility.
D. Deep sleep only.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Rest = decreased activity resulting in refreshment. Sleep = altered consciousness with relative inactivity. Both are essential for health.
RATIONALE Functions of rest: energy conservation, stress reduction, mental/cognitive clarity, pain management, healing. Functions of sleep: physical restoration, cognitive function, memory
consolidation, emotional regulation, immune function, metabolism.
2. Stage 3 of NREM sleep is characterized by:
A. Light transitional sleep — 5% of total sleep cycle.
B. Deep sleep with low-frequency, high-amplitude delta waves (slow-wave sleep) — the immune system strengthens.
C. REM sleep with dreaming and increased brain activity.
D. Deeper light sleep with decreased respirations, HR, and temperature.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Stage 3 = deep/slow-wave sleep. Stage 1 = light transitional (5%). Stage 2 = deeper light (HR/RR/temp ↓). Stage 4/REM = dreaming, HR/BP ↑, muscle atonia, 20-25% of
sleep, begins ~90 min after falling asleep.
RATIONALE One sleep cycle = 90-110 minutes. Circadian rhythm = internal 24-hour sleep-wake cycle regulated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The hippocampus converts short-term to long-
term memory during sleep.
3. Insomnia is defined as:
A. Excessive daytime fatigue without improvement after more sleep.
B. An ongoing inability to sleep despite having the opportunity — can present as difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, waking early, or feeling tired upon waking.
C. Sudden uncontrollable sleep attacks with direct REM entry.
D. Recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse during sleep.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Insomnia = difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep. Hypersomnia = excessive daytime fatigue despite adequate sleep. Narcolepsy = sudden sleep attacks. Obstructive
sleep apnea = airway collapse.
RATIONALE Central sleep apnea = brain fails to transmit signals to respiratory muscles. Sleep deprivation affects higher-order cognition, impairs judgment, decreases response time, and can
trigger seizures, migraines, and tension headaches.
4. Tryptophan-rich foods that promote sleep include:
A. Caffeinated beverages.
B. Chicken breast, turkey, milk, nuts, seeds — tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin.
C. High-sugar snacks.
D. Spicy foods.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Tryptophan → serotonin → melatonin pathway promotes sleep. Complex carbohydrates help tryptophan cross the blood-brain barrier. Magnesium-rich foods (leafy
greens, nuts) promote muscle relaxation.
RATIONALE Melatonin-boosting foods: tart cherries, walnuts, bananas. Herbs for sleep: lavender, chamomile, ashwagandha, valerian root. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and large meals close to
bedtime. Pharmacological: melatonin, antihistamines, benzodiazepines (short-term only).
