Nursing Fundamentals
4 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 4 Study Guide
M O B I L I TY, H YG I E N E , S A F E TY, PAT I E N T E D U C AT I O N & D O CU M E N TAT I O N
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 4 — Study Guide TOTAL QUESTIONS 100+ Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 100+ questions from the provided study guide are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
MOBILITY, HYGIENE, SAFETY, EDUCATION & DOCUMENTATION Questions 1 – 100+
1. What should you assess before acting in a patient care situation?
A. Only the patient's vital signs.
B. The safety of the area and potential outcomes.
C. Only the physician's orders.
D. Only the patient's preferences.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Safety assessment is always the first step in any patient care situation. Evaluate the environment
for hazards and anticipate potential outcomes before acting.
RATIONALE This aligns with the nursing process: assessment precedes intervention. The nurse must ensure both patient
and provider safety before proceeding.
2. The recommended base of support when lifting is:
A. A narrow base with feet together.
B. A wide base of support — feet shoulder-width apart, one foot slightly ahead of the other.
C. Standing on one foot.
D. Feet crossed for stability.
CORRECT ANSWER B — A wide base of support lowers the center of gravity and increases stability, reducing the risk of
injury to both the nurse and patient.
RATIONALE Proper body mechanics: use arm and leg muscles (NOT back muscles), contract gluteal and abdominal
muscles to stabilize the core, and keep the load close to the body.
, 3. Patient transfers are classified as:
A. Only independent transfers.
B. Independent, assisted, and total transfers — based on the patient's ability to participate.
C. Only mechanical transfers.
D. Only emergency transfers.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Independent = patient performs alone. Assisted = patient participates with help. Total = patient
unable to assist; mechanical lift or multiple staff required.
RATIONALE The nursing diagnosis "Impaired physical mobility" indicates risk related to movement. Patients requiring
assistance with positioning should be repositioned at least every 2 hours to prevent pressure injuries and
promote circulation.
4. Active ROM differs from passive ROM in that active ROM:
A. Is performed by the nurse without patient effort.
B. Involves patient participation — the patient moves their own joints independently.
C. Requires a mechanical device.
D. Is only for unconscious patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Active ROM = patient performs independently. Passive ROM = nurse or therapist moves the joint.
Active-assistive = patient initiates with nurse support. Goal: improve joint mobility and increase
circulation.
RATIONALE When assisting with ambulation, use a gait belt and walk behind the patient on one side. For stairs with a
cane: "Up with the good (strong leg first), down with the bad (weak leg first)."
5. A hydraulic lift is used to:
A. Measure patient weight.
B. Support a patient's weight during transfers using a sling — for patients who cannot bear weight or assist with
transfer.
C. Elevate the head of the bed.
D. Administer IV fluids.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Hydraulic/mechanical lifts are used for total transfers of dependent patients to prevent staff injury
and ensure patient safety. Requires training and at least two staff members.
RATIONALE If a patient begins to fall: assume a wide base of support, protect the patient's head, and attempt to slow the
descent by guiding them down your leg. NEVER try to catch or lift a falling patient.
6. When washing a patient's feet, the nurse should:
A. Soak the feet for 30 minutes in hot water.
B. Use lukewarm water and dry thoroughly, especially between the toes — moisture between toes promotes fungal
growth.
C. Apply lotion between the toes to prevent cracking.
D. Only wash feet weekly.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Feet should be washed with lukewarm water (check temperature first, especially for diabetic
patients with neuropathy) and dried completely between toes. Never apply lotion between toes — this
traps moisture.
RATIONALE Eyes are cleaned from inner to outer canthus with a warm cloth or cotton ball. External ear cleaned with
washcloth-covered finger only — no cotton-tipped swabs. Shave in direction of hair growth; use electric razor
for patients on anticoagulants.
4 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 4 Study Guide
M O B I L I TY, H YG I E N E , S A F E TY, PAT I E N T E D U C AT I O N & D O CU M E N TAT I O N
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 4 — Study Guide TOTAL QUESTIONS 100+ Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 100+ questions from the provided study guide are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
MOBILITY, HYGIENE, SAFETY, EDUCATION & DOCUMENTATION Questions 1 – 100+
1. What should you assess before acting in a patient care situation?
A. Only the patient's vital signs.
B. The safety of the area and potential outcomes.
C. Only the physician's orders.
D. Only the patient's preferences.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Safety assessment is always the first step in any patient care situation. Evaluate the environment
for hazards and anticipate potential outcomes before acting.
RATIONALE This aligns with the nursing process: assessment precedes intervention. The nurse must ensure both patient
and provider safety before proceeding.
2. The recommended base of support when lifting is:
A. A narrow base with feet together.
B. A wide base of support — feet shoulder-width apart, one foot slightly ahead of the other.
C. Standing on one foot.
D. Feet crossed for stability.
CORRECT ANSWER B — A wide base of support lowers the center of gravity and increases stability, reducing the risk of
injury to both the nurse and patient.
RATIONALE Proper body mechanics: use arm and leg muscles (NOT back muscles), contract gluteal and abdominal
muscles to stabilize the core, and keep the load close to the body.
, 3. Patient transfers are classified as:
A. Only independent transfers.
B. Independent, assisted, and total transfers — based on the patient's ability to participate.
C. Only mechanical transfers.
D. Only emergency transfers.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Independent = patient performs alone. Assisted = patient participates with help. Total = patient
unable to assist; mechanical lift or multiple staff required.
RATIONALE The nursing diagnosis "Impaired physical mobility" indicates risk related to movement. Patients requiring
assistance with positioning should be repositioned at least every 2 hours to prevent pressure injuries and
promote circulation.
4. Active ROM differs from passive ROM in that active ROM:
A. Is performed by the nurse without patient effort.
B. Involves patient participation — the patient moves their own joints independently.
C. Requires a mechanical device.
D. Is only for unconscious patients.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Active ROM = patient performs independently. Passive ROM = nurse or therapist moves the joint.
Active-assistive = patient initiates with nurse support. Goal: improve joint mobility and increase
circulation.
RATIONALE When assisting with ambulation, use a gait belt and walk behind the patient on one side. For stairs with a
cane: "Up with the good (strong leg first), down with the bad (weak leg first)."
5. A hydraulic lift is used to:
A. Measure patient weight.
B. Support a patient's weight during transfers using a sling — for patients who cannot bear weight or assist with
transfer.
C. Elevate the head of the bed.
D. Administer IV fluids.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Hydraulic/mechanical lifts are used for total transfers of dependent patients to prevent staff injury
and ensure patient safety. Requires training and at least two staff members.
RATIONALE If a patient begins to fall: assume a wide base of support, protect the patient's head, and attempt to slow the
descent by guiding them down your leg. NEVER try to catch or lift a falling patient.
6. When washing a patient's feet, the nurse should:
A. Soak the feet for 30 minutes in hot water.
B. Use lukewarm water and dry thoroughly, especially between the toes — moisture between toes promotes fungal
growth.
C. Apply lotion between the toes to prevent cracking.
D. Only wash feet weekly.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Feet should be washed with lukewarm water (check temperature first, especially for diabetic
patients with neuropathy) and dried completely between toes. Never apply lotion between toes — this
traps moisture.
RATIONALE Eyes are cleaned from inner to outer canthus with a warm cloth or cotton ball. External ear cleaned with
washcloth-covered finger only — no cotton-tipped swabs. Shave in direction of hair growth; use electric razor
for patients on anticoagulants.
