NR283 PATHO EXAM 2 REVIEW SHEET
TESTED QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
⩥ pathology.
Answer: study of disease
⩥ pathogen.
Answer: A disease causing agent
⩥ pathogenesis.
Answer: development of disease
⩥ pathophysiology.
Answer: the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body
resulting from a disease process
⩥ why is pathophysiology important in nursing?.
Answer: nurses use knowledge of changes in the body to to recognize
clinical manifestations of alterations in health, determine what the cues
mean, understand how illnesses are diagnosed, and consider what risk
factors and prevention methods are associated with a particular disease.
,This allows the nurse to help the patient achieve homeostasis again and
achieve optimal health.
⩥ homeostasis.
Answer: the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
regardless of external changes
⩥ ways to achieve health.
Answer: -regular physical activity
-follow cancer screening guidelines
-visit healthcare provider when any change in normal state of health is
noticed
-follow safety instructions when handling hazardous materials
-use protection from the sun
-eat 5 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables daily
⩥ body systems.
Answer: cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genitourinary,
hematological, integumentary, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, neurological,
pulmonary, reproductive, sensory
⩥ pathophysiological processes.
Answer: Biological mechanisms underlying health conditions.
,-cellular regulation; cognition; fluid, electrolyte, acid-base imbalances;
genetics; hormonal and glucose regulation; immunity; infection;
intracranial regulation; mobility/immobility; oxygenation; pain;
perfusion; sensory perception; stress response; substance use; tissue
integrity
⩥ idiopathic.
Answer: unknown cause
⩥ acute disease.
Answer: short term, develops quickly
⩥ chronic disease.
Answer: a disease that develops gradually and continues over a long
period of time
⩥ what can harm a cell?.
Answer: -physical damage: extreme temperatures, hypoxia, radiation
-mechanical damage: pressure or tearing of the tissue
-chemical toxins: exogenous (from the environment) or endogenous
(from inside the body)
-internal issues: nutritional deficits, fluid/electrolyte imbalance
⩥ risk factor.
, Answer: something that increases a person's chances of developing a
disease
⩥ risk factors for disease development.
Answer: age, gender, genetics, environment (smoking, diet, sun
exposure, lack of healthcare services, level of safety), and activity level
(lack of exercise)
⩥ prophylaxis.
Answer: anything that prevents disease
examples: vaccines, screening, community health programs,
preventative checkups
⩥ chemical hazards.
Answer: harmful chemicals in the air, water, soil, and food
examples: heavy metals (lead, mercury); acids and bases; inhalants (gas,
solvents)
tissue damage can result from a large dose in a single incidence or from
repeated exposures to small amounts
⩥ physical hazards.
Answer: temperature extremes, radiation hazards, noise hazards
⩥ biological hazards.
TESTED QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED
⩥ pathology.
Answer: study of disease
⩥ pathogen.
Answer: A disease causing agent
⩥ pathogenesis.
Answer: development of disease
⩥ pathophysiology.
Answer: the study of functional or physiologic changes in the body
resulting from a disease process
⩥ why is pathophysiology important in nursing?.
Answer: nurses use knowledge of changes in the body to to recognize
clinical manifestations of alterations in health, determine what the cues
mean, understand how illnesses are diagnosed, and consider what risk
factors and prevention methods are associated with a particular disease.
,This allows the nurse to help the patient achieve homeostasis again and
achieve optimal health.
⩥ homeostasis.
Answer: the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
regardless of external changes
⩥ ways to achieve health.
Answer: -regular physical activity
-follow cancer screening guidelines
-visit healthcare provider when any change in normal state of health is
noticed
-follow safety instructions when handling hazardous materials
-use protection from the sun
-eat 5 to 10 servings of fruits and vegetables daily
⩥ body systems.
Answer: cardiovascular, endocrine, gastrointestinal, genitourinary,
hematological, integumentary, lymphatic, musculoskeletal, neurological,
pulmonary, reproductive, sensory
⩥ pathophysiological processes.
Answer: Biological mechanisms underlying health conditions.
,-cellular regulation; cognition; fluid, electrolyte, acid-base imbalances;
genetics; hormonal and glucose regulation; immunity; infection;
intracranial regulation; mobility/immobility; oxygenation; pain;
perfusion; sensory perception; stress response; substance use; tissue
integrity
⩥ idiopathic.
Answer: unknown cause
⩥ acute disease.
Answer: short term, develops quickly
⩥ chronic disease.
Answer: a disease that develops gradually and continues over a long
period of time
⩥ what can harm a cell?.
Answer: -physical damage: extreme temperatures, hypoxia, radiation
-mechanical damage: pressure or tearing of the tissue
-chemical toxins: exogenous (from the environment) or endogenous
(from inside the body)
-internal issues: nutritional deficits, fluid/electrolyte imbalance
⩥ risk factor.
, Answer: something that increases a person's chances of developing a
disease
⩥ risk factors for disease development.
Answer: age, gender, genetics, environment (smoking, diet, sun
exposure, lack of healthcare services, level of safety), and activity level
(lack of exercise)
⩥ prophylaxis.
Answer: anything that prevents disease
examples: vaccines, screening, community health programs,
preventative checkups
⩥ chemical hazards.
Answer: harmful chemicals in the air, water, soil, and food
examples: heavy metals (lead, mercury); acids and bases; inhalants (gas,
solvents)
tissue damage can result from a large dose in a single incidence or from
repeated exposures to small amounts
⩥ physical hazards.
Answer: temperature extremes, radiation hazards, noise hazards
⩥ biological hazards.
