Nursing Fundamentals
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Exam 3 — Fundamentals in Nursing
G A S E XC H A N G E , OX YG E N T H E R A P Y, N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , E T H I CS & S L E E P
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 — Fundamentals in Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 30 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 30 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
OXYGENATION, NURSING PROCESS, ETHICS & SLEEP Questions 1 – 30
1. Gas exchange is defined as:
A. Only the movement of air into the lungs.
B. The process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells — occurs during
respiration.
C. Only the removal of carbon dioxide.
D. Mechanical ventilation of the lungs.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Gas exchange = O₂ delivery to cells and CO₂ removal from cells at the alveolar-capillary
membrane.
RATIONALE Impaired gas exchange = excess or deficit in oxygenation or CO₂ elimination. Hyperventilation caused by
anxiety, pain, metabolic/neurological conditions. Hypoventilation caused by chest pain, deformity, poisoning,
lung structure, pneumothorax, muscle weakness.
2. Atelectasis is defined as:
A. Inflammation of the bronchi.
B. Collapsed lung — incomplete expansion of alveoli.
C. Fluid in the pleural space.
D. Air in the pleural space.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Atelectasis = alveolar collapse causing incomplete lung expansion. Common post-operatively and
with immobility. Prevention: incentive spirometry, deep breathing, early ambulation.
RATIONALE Room air = 21% oxygen. Nasal cannula = 1-6 L/min (24-44% FiO₂). Simple face mask = 6-12 L/min. High flow
nasal cannula = up to 60 L/min (21-100% titratable). Venturi mask = titratable 25-60%. Non-rebreather = 10-15
L/min, delivers ~100% FiO₂.
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Exam 3 — Fundamentals in Nursing
G A S E XC H A N G E , OX YG E N T H E R A P Y, N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , E T H I CS & S L E E P
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 — Fundamentals in Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 30 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 30 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
OXYGENATION, NURSING PROCESS, ETHICS & SLEEP Questions 1 – 30
1. Gas exchange is defined as:
A. Only the movement of air into the lungs.
B. The process by which oxygen is transported to cells and carbon dioxide is transported from cells — occurs during
respiration.
C. Only the removal of carbon dioxide.
D. Mechanical ventilation of the lungs.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Gas exchange = O₂ delivery to cells and CO₂ removal from cells at the alveolar-capillary
membrane.
RATIONALE Impaired gas exchange = excess or deficit in oxygenation or CO₂ elimination. Hyperventilation caused by
anxiety, pain, metabolic/neurological conditions. Hypoventilation caused by chest pain, deformity, poisoning,
lung structure, pneumothorax, muscle weakness.
2. Atelectasis is defined as:
A. Inflammation of the bronchi.
B. Collapsed lung — incomplete expansion of alveoli.
C. Fluid in the pleural space.
D. Air in the pleural space.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Atelectasis = alveolar collapse causing incomplete lung expansion. Common post-operatively and
with immobility. Prevention: incentive spirometry, deep breathing, early ambulation.
RATIONALE Room air = 21% oxygen. Nasal cannula = 1-6 L/min (24-44% FiO₂). Simple face mask = 6-12 L/min. High flow
nasal cannula = up to 60 L/min (21-100% titratable). Venturi mask = titratable 25-60%. Non-rebreather = 10-15
L/min, delivers ~100% FiO₂.
