Nursing Fundamentals
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamental of Nursing — EXAM 3 (ALL)
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G , F LU I D & E L E C T R O LYT E S , A C I D - B A S E B A L A N C E
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 (ALL) — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 40 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Select All
That Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer unless otherwise indicated.
▸ All 40 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
NURSING PROCESS, PRIORITIZATION, FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE Questions 1 – 40
1. Critical thinking is defined as:
A. Following physician orders without question.
B. Directed, purposeful mental activity by which ideas are created and evaluated, plans are constructed and desired
outcomes are decided — can occur in or out of the clinical setting.
C. Memorizing nursing procedures.
D. Documenting patient care.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Critical thinking is an active, organized cognitive process used to examine one's thinking and the
thinking of others.
RATIONALE Outcomes = the results of actions. Critical thinking is essential for clinical judgment in all phases of the
nursing process.
2. The nurse in charge identifies a patient's responses to actual or potential health problems during which step of the
nursing process?
A. Assessing.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Planning.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER B — During the diagnosis phase, the nurse analyzes assessment data to identify patient problems
(actual or potential).
RATIONALE Assessment = data collection. Planning = goals/interventions. Evaluation = determining if goals were met.
, 3. A female patient diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. Which nursing diagnosis should receive the highest
priority?
A. Impaired gas exchange related to increased blood flow.
B. Fluid volume excess related to peripheral vascular disease.
C. Risk for injury related to edema.
D. Altered peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Altered peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion is the priority — it directly
addresses the pathophysiology of DVT and the risk of tissue ischemia and embolism.
RATIONALE DVT obstructs venous return, impairing tissue perfusion. This takes priority over gas exchange (pulmonary
concern, not primary DVT issue) and fluid volume (not the primary problem).
4. A nurse is revising a client's care plan. During which step of the nursing process does such revision take place?
A. Assessment.
B. Planning.
C. Implementation.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Evaluation determines if goals were met and whether the care plan should be continued,
modified, or discontinued.
RATIONALE Revision occurs when evaluation shows that expected outcomes were not achieved or the patient's condition
has changed.
5. Which intervention should the nurse in charge try first for a client that exhibits signs of sleep disturbance?
A. Administer sleeping medication before bedtime.
B. Ask the client each morning to describe the quantity of sleep the night before.
C. Teach the client relaxation techniques, such as guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation.
D. Provide the client normal sleep aids, such as pillows, back rubs, and snacks.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Non-pharmacological comfort measures should be attempted first (least invasive). Back rubs,
pillows, and light snacks promote natural sleep.
RATIONALE Medications (A) are not first-line. Assessment (B) and teaching (C) are important but do not directly address
the immediate sleep disturbance.
6. A postoperative male client with diabetes reports impotence and concern about his marriage. The most
appropriate intervention would be to:
A. Encourage the client to ask questions about personal sexuality.
B. Provide time for privacy.
C. Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate professional.
D. Provide support for the spouse.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Referral to a specialist (sex counselor) is the most appropriate intervention for complex sexual
health concerns beyond general nursing scope.
RATIONALE While encouraging questions (A) and providing privacy (B) are supportive, the client needs specialized
professional intervention for impotence and relationship concerns.
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamental of Nursing — EXAM 3 (ALL)
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G , F LU I D & E L E C T R O LYT E S , A C I D - B A S E B A L A N C E
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 (ALL) — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 40 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice / True-False / Select All
That Apply
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer unless otherwise indicated.
▸ All 40 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
NURSING PROCESS, PRIORITIZATION, FLUID & ELECTROLYTE BALANCE Questions 1 – 40
1. Critical thinking is defined as:
A. Following physician orders without question.
B. Directed, purposeful mental activity by which ideas are created and evaluated, plans are constructed and desired
outcomes are decided — can occur in or out of the clinical setting.
C. Memorizing nursing procedures.
D. Documenting patient care.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Critical thinking is an active, organized cognitive process used to examine one's thinking and the
thinking of others.
RATIONALE Outcomes = the results of actions. Critical thinking is essential for clinical judgment in all phases of the
nursing process.
2. The nurse in charge identifies a patient's responses to actual or potential health problems during which step of the
nursing process?
A. Assessing.
B. Diagnosis.
C. Planning.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER B — During the diagnosis phase, the nurse analyzes assessment data to identify patient problems
(actual or potential).
RATIONALE Assessment = data collection. Planning = goals/interventions. Evaluation = determining if goals were met.
, 3. A female patient diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. Which nursing diagnosis should receive the highest
priority?
A. Impaired gas exchange related to increased blood flow.
B. Fluid volume excess related to peripheral vascular disease.
C. Risk for injury related to edema.
D. Altered peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Altered peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion is the priority — it directly
addresses the pathophysiology of DVT and the risk of tissue ischemia and embolism.
RATIONALE DVT obstructs venous return, impairing tissue perfusion. This takes priority over gas exchange (pulmonary
concern, not primary DVT issue) and fluid volume (not the primary problem).
4. A nurse is revising a client's care plan. During which step of the nursing process does such revision take place?
A. Assessment.
B. Planning.
C. Implementation.
D. Evaluation.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Evaluation determines if goals were met and whether the care plan should be continued,
modified, or discontinued.
RATIONALE Revision occurs when evaluation shows that expected outcomes were not achieved or the patient's condition
has changed.
5. Which intervention should the nurse in charge try first for a client that exhibits signs of sleep disturbance?
A. Administer sleeping medication before bedtime.
B. Ask the client each morning to describe the quantity of sleep the night before.
C. Teach the client relaxation techniques, such as guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation.
D. Provide the client normal sleep aids, such as pillows, back rubs, and snacks.
CORRECT ANSWER D — Non-pharmacological comfort measures should be attempted first (least invasive). Back rubs,
pillows, and light snacks promote natural sleep.
RATIONALE Medications (A) are not first-line. Assessment (B) and teaching (C) are important but do not directly address
the immediate sleep disturbance.
6. A postoperative male client with diabetes reports impotence and concern about his marriage. The most
appropriate intervention would be to:
A. Encourage the client to ask questions about personal sexuality.
B. Provide time for privacy.
C. Suggest referral to a sex counselor or other appropriate professional.
D. Provide support for the spouse.
CORRECT ANSWER C — Referral to a specialist (sex counselor) is the most appropriate intervention for complex sexual
health concerns beyond general nursing scope.
RATIONALE While encouraging questions (A) and providing privacy (B) are supportive, the client needs specialized
professional intervention for impotence and relationship concerns.
