Nursing Fundamentals
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 3
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G , D E L E G AT I O N & C A R E P L A N N I N G
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 55 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 55 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
NURSING PROCESS, CRITICAL THINKING & CARE PLANNING Questions 1 – 55
1. Diagnostic reasoning involves using critical thinking to:
A. Only document findings in the chart.
B. Analyze and interpret data, draw conclusions about the client's health status, verify problems with the client, record
diagnostic statements, and prioritize problems.
C. Only perform physical assessment.
D. Only administer medications.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Diagnostic reasoning is a systematic cognitive process that uses critical thinking to move from
assessment data to prioritized nursing diagnoses.
RATIONALE This process distinguishes professional nursing from simply following orders — it requires clinical judgment,
pattern recognition, and verification with the patient.
2. The American Nurses Association (ANA):
A. Administers the NCLEX examination.
B. Defines the professional scope and standards of nursing practice — tells us what we can and cannot do as
professional nurses.
C. Accredits hospitals and healthcare facilities.
D. Writes state nursing laws.
CORRECT ANSWER B — The ANA publishes the Scope and Standards of Practice that define professional nursing
responsibilities and competencies.
RATIONALE The Board of Nursing (every state) falls under NCSBN and administers the NCLEX. The Joint Commission
accredits healthcare organizations and sets assessment standards.
, 3. The NCSBN (National Council of State Boards of Nursing):
A. Defines scope of nursing practice.
B. Writes the NCLEX that nurses take at the end of their education.
C. Accredits nursing programs.
D. Publishes nursing research.
CORRECT ANSWER B — NCSBN develops and administers the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN licensure examinations.
RATIONALE The Board of Nursing in each state operates under NCSBN and administers the NCLEX. The Joint Commission
requires individualized plans of care and medication reconciliation policies.
4. Subjective data is defined as:
A. What can be observed or measured by the nurse.
B. What the patient says — the patient's report of symptoms, feelings, and perceptions.
C. Laboratory results and vital signs.
D. Information from the medical record.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Subjective = patient's verbal report ("I feel nauseated"). Objective = measurable/observable (vital
signs, lab values, physical exam findings).
RATIONALE Primary data = directly from client. Secondary data = from medical record or another person. Delegation: APs
and LPNs collect data (vitals, pain, glucose), but RNs must validate, conduct interviews, and complete
physical assessments.
5. The five steps of the nursing process in correct order are:
A. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Implementation.
B. Assessment, Diagnosis/Analysis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE).
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
D. Implementation, Evaluation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — ADPIE: Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation. All steps require
critical thinking.
RATIONALE Assessment = systematic data gathering. Diagnosis = identifying actual/potential problems. Planning = goals
and interventions. Implementation = carrying out the plan. Evaluation = assessing responses and revising.
6. A focused assessment is performed to:
A. Provide holistic information about the patient.
B. Obtain data about an actual, potential, or possible problem that has been identified or suspected.
C. Complete the admission database.
D. Assess all body systems comprehensively.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Focused = targeted to a specific problem. Comprehensive = holistic, identifies
strengths/problems. Initial = reason for seeking care. Ongoing = follows up on identified problems.
RATIONALE Special needs assessments: nutritional, pain, cultural, spiritual, psychosocial, wellness, family, community,
functional ability.
3 MAXE
NF Foundations of Professional Nursing Practice
CARING · COMPETENCE · COMPASSION
FUNDAMENTALS
Fundamentals of Nursing — Exam 3
N U R S I N G P R O C E SS , C R I T I C A L T H I N K I N G , D E L E G AT I O N & C A R E P L A N N I N G
INSTITUTION Nursing Fundamentals Program COURSE CODE NURS 101 — Fundamentals
PROGRAM Associate / Bachelor of Science in Nursing ACADEMIC YEAR
EXAM TITLE Exam 3 — Fundamentals of Nursing TOTAL QUESTIONS 55 Questions (Complete)
COURSE TITLE Fundamentals of Nursing FORMAT Multiple Choice — Select the Single Best
Answer
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS
▸ Select the single best answer for each question.
▸ All 55 questions from the provided study material are included with correct answers and clinical rationales.
NURSING PROCESS, CRITICAL THINKING & CARE PLANNING Questions 1 – 55
1. Diagnostic reasoning involves using critical thinking to:
A. Only document findings in the chart.
B. Analyze and interpret data, draw conclusions about the client's health status, verify problems with the client, record
diagnostic statements, and prioritize problems.
C. Only perform physical assessment.
D. Only administer medications.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Diagnostic reasoning is a systematic cognitive process that uses critical thinking to move from
assessment data to prioritized nursing diagnoses.
RATIONALE This process distinguishes professional nursing from simply following orders — it requires clinical judgment,
pattern recognition, and verification with the patient.
2. The American Nurses Association (ANA):
A. Administers the NCLEX examination.
B. Defines the professional scope and standards of nursing practice — tells us what we can and cannot do as
professional nurses.
C. Accredits hospitals and healthcare facilities.
D. Writes state nursing laws.
CORRECT ANSWER B — The ANA publishes the Scope and Standards of Practice that define professional nursing
responsibilities and competencies.
RATIONALE The Board of Nursing (every state) falls under NCSBN and administers the NCLEX. The Joint Commission
accredits healthcare organizations and sets assessment standards.
, 3. The NCSBN (National Council of State Boards of Nursing):
A. Defines scope of nursing practice.
B. Writes the NCLEX that nurses take at the end of their education.
C. Accredits nursing programs.
D. Publishes nursing research.
CORRECT ANSWER B — NCSBN develops and administers the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN licensure examinations.
RATIONALE The Board of Nursing in each state operates under NCSBN and administers the NCLEX. The Joint Commission
requires individualized plans of care and medication reconciliation policies.
4. Subjective data is defined as:
A. What can be observed or measured by the nurse.
B. What the patient says — the patient's report of symptoms, feelings, and perceptions.
C. Laboratory results and vital signs.
D. Information from the medical record.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Subjective = patient's verbal report ("I feel nauseated"). Objective = measurable/observable (vital
signs, lab values, physical exam findings).
RATIONALE Primary data = directly from client. Secondary data = from medical record or another person. Delegation: APs
and LPNs collect data (vitals, pain, glucose), but RNs must validate, conduct interviews, and complete
physical assessments.
5. The five steps of the nursing process in correct order are:
A. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Implementation.
B. Assessment, Diagnosis/Analysis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE).
C. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation.
D. Implementation, Evaluation, Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning.
CORRECT ANSWER B — ADPIE: Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation. All steps require
critical thinking.
RATIONALE Assessment = systematic data gathering. Diagnosis = identifying actual/potential problems. Planning = goals
and interventions. Implementation = carrying out the plan. Evaluation = assessing responses and revising.
6. A focused assessment is performed to:
A. Provide holistic information about the patient.
B. Obtain data about an actual, potential, or possible problem that has been identified or suspected.
C. Complete the admission database.
D. Assess all body systems comprehensively.
CORRECT ANSWER B — Focused = targeted to a specific problem. Comprehensive = holistic, identifies
strengths/problems. Initial = reason for seeking care. Ongoing = follows up on identified problems.
RATIONALE Special needs assessments: nutritional, pain, cultural, spiritual, psychosocial, wellness, family, community,
functional ability.
