BIOL 2460 Microbiology Exam Four -
Dylan Parks. Newest 2026-2027.
Questions and Correct Answers.
Graded A
-emia - ANSpresence of pathogen in blood
"Glycan gimmickry" - ANSmimic host cells to evade immune system
3 types of transmission from reservoir to host - ANS1) contact
2) vehicle
3) vector
4 patterns of incidence - ANS1. Sporadic
2. Endemic
3. Epidemic
4. Pandemic
5 stages of infectious disease - ANS1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. illness
4. decline
5. convalescence
1
,5 stages of pathogenicity/infection - ANS1. Exposure to host
2. Adhesion
3. Invasion
4. Infection
5. Transmission
5 types of chemical defenses - ANS1) body fluids
2) antimicrobial peptides
3) plasma protein mediators
4) cytokines
5) inflammation eliciting mediators
active carrier - ANScarrier where infected host transmits during incubation
or convalescence
ex: transmission before/after fever
acute disease - ANSrelatively short (hours, days, week)
acute inflammation - ANSimmediate response to breach in physical barrier.
induces erythema, edema, heat, pain, and altered function
acute phase proteins - ANSproduced in liver and secreted into blood
includes:
- C-reactive proteins
- Ferritin
- Transferrin
- Fibrinogen
2
, - mannose-binding lectin
adhesins - ANSmolecules/structures that bind to certain host receptors
adhesins - ANSproteins that aid in attachment to host cell receptors
- found in ALL microbial types (viral, fungal, bacterial, etc.)
- commonly found on fimbriae or pili
- can initiate biofilm formation in some species
adhesion - ANSpathogens' varying capability of colonization
agencies that monitor global health - ANSWHO
CDC
EU Health Security Committee
All provide logistical support and response in case of epidemic/pandemic;
identify emerging and re-emerging diseases
agranulocyte exception - ANSnatural killer cells
agranulocytes - ANSlack visible granules in cytoplasm
alternative pathway - ANSinitiated by the spontaneous activation of C3
analytical - ANSobservational study where groups are selected to evaluate
hypothesis
ex: retrospective vs. prospective
3
Dylan Parks. Newest 2026-2027.
Questions and Correct Answers.
Graded A
-emia - ANSpresence of pathogen in blood
"Glycan gimmickry" - ANSmimic host cells to evade immune system
3 types of transmission from reservoir to host - ANS1) contact
2) vehicle
3) vector
4 patterns of incidence - ANS1. Sporadic
2. Endemic
3. Epidemic
4. Pandemic
5 stages of infectious disease - ANS1. incubation
2. prodromal
3. illness
4. decline
5. convalescence
1
,5 stages of pathogenicity/infection - ANS1. Exposure to host
2. Adhesion
3. Invasion
4. Infection
5. Transmission
5 types of chemical defenses - ANS1) body fluids
2) antimicrobial peptides
3) plasma protein mediators
4) cytokines
5) inflammation eliciting mediators
active carrier - ANScarrier where infected host transmits during incubation
or convalescence
ex: transmission before/after fever
acute disease - ANSrelatively short (hours, days, week)
acute inflammation - ANSimmediate response to breach in physical barrier.
induces erythema, edema, heat, pain, and altered function
acute phase proteins - ANSproduced in liver and secreted into blood
includes:
- C-reactive proteins
- Ferritin
- Transferrin
- Fibrinogen
2
, - mannose-binding lectin
adhesins - ANSmolecules/structures that bind to certain host receptors
adhesins - ANSproteins that aid in attachment to host cell receptors
- found in ALL microbial types (viral, fungal, bacterial, etc.)
- commonly found on fimbriae or pili
- can initiate biofilm formation in some species
adhesion - ANSpathogens' varying capability of colonization
agencies that monitor global health - ANSWHO
CDC
EU Health Security Committee
All provide logistical support and response in case of epidemic/pandemic;
identify emerging and re-emerging diseases
agranulocyte exception - ANSnatural killer cells
agranulocytes - ANSlack visible granules in cytoplasm
alternative pathway - ANSinitiated by the spontaneous activation of C3
analytical - ANSobservational study where groups are selected to evaluate
hypothesis
ex: retrospective vs. prospective
3
