UTA-Microbiology Exam 2-Dr.Parks.
Newest 2026-2027. Questions and
Correct Answers. Graded A
Actinobacteria (phylum) - ANS-very diverse
-thin filamentous to coccobacilli shaped
-Important to soil ecology
-differnet peptidoglycan in cell wall
-myobacterium, corynebacterium, bifidobacterium, and gardnerella
Agrobacterium - ANS-gram-negative bacillus
-plant pathogen, one species
-A.tumefaciens causes tumors in plants
Algae - ANS-autothrophic protists
-multi or unicellular
-ecologically and economically important
-Chromalveolata: mostly marine, can be phototrophic, heterotrophic, or
mixotrophic
~dinoflagellates: 2 flagella, theca: cellulose armor, some produce
neurotoxins (red tide), paralytic shellfish poisonings
~stramenopiles: golden algae (chrysophytes), brown algae (phaeophytes),
diatoms (ochraphytes): major produces of oxygen and silicon, frustules,
diatomaceous earth
1
,-archaeplastida:
~red algae: cell walls contain agar or carrageenan
~green algae: generally non-path, important in molecular bio research
-Exception: Prototheca spp. - causative agent of protothecosis, found in
sewage and soil, infection is rare but possible, localized skin infections
Alphaproteobacteria - ANS-gram (-) proteobacteria
-oligotrophs: lives in low nutrient environments
-obligate intracellular and must have host to be metabolically active
-Rickettsia spp.: causative agent for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and
typhus fever, transmitted from tick, others spread through lice
-Chlamydia spp.: causative agents for lymphogranuloma venereum (STD),
spreads rapidly, endospore like
Amensalism - ANS-A is harmed and B is unaffected
-ex: antimicrobial defense on skin
Amoebozoa - ANS-group of protists that have amoeba like movement thru
pseudopodia
-Entamoeba histolytica - agent for amoebic dysentery
-Naegleria fowleri - causative agent for amoebic meningoencephalitis
-Acanthameoba spp. - causative agent for keratitis associated with contact
lenses
Amoebozoa: Slime Molds - ANS-Cellular slime molds - individuals can
aggregate into a mobile "slug" and creates a fruiting body to produce
haploid spores
2
, -Plasmodial slime molds - large amoeboid cells with multiple nuclei; form
reproductive stalks to produce spores
-Life cycle(cellular): 1.mature fruiting body generates spores 2. mature
fruiting body releases spores 3. spore germinates 4.germination gives rise
to amoeba that divide to form more individual cells 5.two amoebas fuse to
form a zygote 6.zygote grows, undergoes meiosis, and several rounds of
mitosis 7. new haploid amoebas are releases 8. amoebas aggregate into a
structure called a slug 9. slug migrates at 2 mm per hour 10. migration
stops, fruiting body forms at end of a stalk
-plasmodial life cycle: 1.sporangia formation begins 2. meiosis restores
haploid condition 3.mature sporangium releases spores 4. spore
germinates, this gives rise to cells that can convert btwn amoeboid and
flagellated forms 5. plasmogamy: fusion of cytoplasm 6. karyogamy: fusion
of nuclei
Apicomplexans - ANS-chromalveolata
-Intra or extracellular parasites
-Apical complex - concentration of organelles, vacuoles, & microtubules
that able them to establish infection
-life cycle - infective sporozoites undergo schizogeny
-Prominent Genera:
•Plasmodium spp. - infect a variety of animal cells; life-cycle between
multiple hosts; e.g. malaria
•Cryptosporidium parvum - cysts contaminate drinking water and caused
intestinal symptoms
3
Newest 2026-2027. Questions and
Correct Answers. Graded A
Actinobacteria (phylum) - ANS-very diverse
-thin filamentous to coccobacilli shaped
-Important to soil ecology
-differnet peptidoglycan in cell wall
-myobacterium, corynebacterium, bifidobacterium, and gardnerella
Agrobacterium - ANS-gram-negative bacillus
-plant pathogen, one species
-A.tumefaciens causes tumors in plants
Algae - ANS-autothrophic protists
-multi or unicellular
-ecologically and economically important
-Chromalveolata: mostly marine, can be phototrophic, heterotrophic, or
mixotrophic
~dinoflagellates: 2 flagella, theca: cellulose armor, some produce
neurotoxins (red tide), paralytic shellfish poisonings
~stramenopiles: golden algae (chrysophytes), brown algae (phaeophytes),
diatoms (ochraphytes): major produces of oxygen and silicon, frustules,
diatomaceous earth
1
,-archaeplastida:
~red algae: cell walls contain agar or carrageenan
~green algae: generally non-path, important in molecular bio research
-Exception: Prototheca spp. - causative agent of protothecosis, found in
sewage and soil, infection is rare but possible, localized skin infections
Alphaproteobacteria - ANS-gram (-) proteobacteria
-oligotrophs: lives in low nutrient environments
-obligate intracellular and must have host to be metabolically active
-Rickettsia spp.: causative agent for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and
typhus fever, transmitted from tick, others spread through lice
-Chlamydia spp.: causative agents for lymphogranuloma venereum (STD),
spreads rapidly, endospore like
Amensalism - ANS-A is harmed and B is unaffected
-ex: antimicrobial defense on skin
Amoebozoa - ANS-group of protists that have amoeba like movement thru
pseudopodia
-Entamoeba histolytica - agent for amoebic dysentery
-Naegleria fowleri - causative agent for amoebic meningoencephalitis
-Acanthameoba spp. - causative agent for keratitis associated with contact
lenses
Amoebozoa: Slime Molds - ANS-Cellular slime molds - individuals can
aggregate into a mobile "slug" and creates a fruiting body to produce
haploid spores
2
, -Plasmodial slime molds - large amoeboid cells with multiple nuclei; form
reproductive stalks to produce spores
-Life cycle(cellular): 1.mature fruiting body generates spores 2. mature
fruiting body releases spores 3. spore germinates 4.germination gives rise
to amoeba that divide to form more individual cells 5.two amoebas fuse to
form a zygote 6.zygote grows, undergoes meiosis, and several rounds of
mitosis 7. new haploid amoebas are releases 8. amoebas aggregate into a
structure called a slug 9. slug migrates at 2 mm per hour 10. migration
stops, fruiting body forms at end of a stalk
-plasmodial life cycle: 1.sporangia formation begins 2. meiosis restores
haploid condition 3.mature sporangium releases spores 4. spore
germinates, this gives rise to cells that can convert btwn amoeboid and
flagellated forms 5. plasmogamy: fusion of cytoplasm 6. karyogamy: fusion
of nuclei
Apicomplexans - ANS-chromalveolata
-Intra or extracellular parasites
-Apical complex - concentration of organelles, vacuoles, & microtubules
that able them to establish infection
-life cycle - infective sporozoites undergo schizogeny
-Prominent Genera:
•Plasmodium spp. - infect a variety of animal cells; life-cycle between
multiple hosts; e.g. malaria
•Cryptosporidium parvum - cysts contaminate drinking water and caused
intestinal symptoms
3
