CERTIFICATION ASSESSMENT 2026 VERIFIED
ANSWERS GRADED A+
◉ What are the four steps of forest regeneration?
Answer: Pollination → Seed dispersal → Germination → Growth to
maturity
◉ Which steps of forest regeneration are usually NOT limiting?
Answer: Pollination and seed dispersal
◉ Which steps ARE limiting in forest regeneration?
Answer: Germination and growth
◉ Why is sunlight important in forest regeneration?
Answer: Many seeds require sunlight to germinate
◉ What is browsing pressure?
Answer: Animals (like deer) eating seedlings and preventing forest
regrowth
◉ What is passive forest regeneration?
, Answer: Natural regrowth without human intervention; cheap but
slow (30-50 years)
◉ What is active (manual) forest regeneration?
Answer: Human planting and management; faster (10-30 years) but
expensive
◉ What is a downside of manual reforestation?
Answer: Can use non-native or incorrect species and reduce
ecological accuracy
◉ What is a downside of passive regeneration?
Answer: Invasive species may dominate
◉ What is endozoochory?
Answer: Seed dispersal through animals eating seeds
◉ What is ectozoochory?
Answer: Seed dispersal by seeds attaching to animals
◉ Why is seed location more important than timing in forests?
Answer: Forests are competitive environments, so seeds must land
in suitable locations