EKG Final Exam Complete (Hartman Ch 1-10)
(Questions and Answers) Latest Update 2026
Guaranteed Pass 100%
SECTION 1: Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology (Hartman Ch 1-2) — 15 Questions
Q1: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through which valve into the
pulmonary artery?
A. Mitral valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Pulmonic valve [CORRECT]
D. Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the pulmonic (pulmonary) valve is the semilunar valve
that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery, preventing backflow
of blood into the ventricle during diastole.
Q2: Which coronary artery supplies blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle
and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum?
A. Right coronary artery
B. Left circumflex artery
C. Left anterior descending artery [CORRECT]
D. Posterior descending artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, a branch of
the left main coronary artery, is the primary blood supply to the anterior left
ventricular wall and the anterior interventricular septum.
Q3: The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through which
structures?
A. Superior vena cava
B. Pulmonary veins [CORRECT]
,C. Pulmonary arteries
D. Coronary sinus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because the four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs into the posterior aspect of the left atrium.
Q4: Which heart valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonic valve
C. Mitral (bicuspid) valve [CORRECT]
D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the mitral valve, also called the bicuspid valve, is the
atrioventricular valve that controls blood flow from the left atrium into the left
ventricle.
Q5: The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into
which chamber during systole?
A. Left atrium
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Right atrium [CORRECT]
D. Aorta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because during right ventricular systole, the tricuspid valve
closes to prevent regurgitation of blood back into the right atrium.
Q6: Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardial wall due to the
highest pressure workload?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle [CORRECT]
,Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct because the left ventricle must generate systemic arterial
pressure (approximately 120 mmHg systolic), requiring significantly thicker
muscular walls than any other cardiac chamber.
Q7: The posterior descending artery (PDA) in most individuals is a branch of
which coronary artery?
A. Left anterior descending artery
B. Left circumflex artery
C. Right coronary artery [CORRECT]
D. Left main coronary artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because in approximately 85% of the population (right-
dominant circulation), the posterior descending artery arises from the right
coronary artery to supply the inferior wall and posterior septum.
Q8: Which structure separates the right and left atria?
A. Interventricular septum
B. Interatrial septum [CORRECT]
C. Papillary muscles
D. Chordae tendineae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because the interatrial septum is the thin muscular wall that
divides the right atrium from the left atrium.
Q9: The aortic valve opens during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
A. Atrial systole
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Ventricular systole [CORRECT]
D. Rapid ventricular filling
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Correct because the aortic valve opens during ventricular systole
when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure, allowing ejection of blood
into the systemic circulation.
Q10: Which coronary artery branch supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle?
A. Left anterior descending artery
B. Right coronary artery
C. Left circumflex artery [CORRECT]
D. Posterior descending artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the left circumflex artery, coursing in the left
atrioventricular groove, gives off obtuse marginal branches that supply the lateral
wall of the left ventricle.
Q11: The right coronary artery primarily supplies blood to which area of the
heart?
A. Anterior left ventricle
B. Lateral left ventricle
C. Right ventricle and inferior wall [CORRECT]
D. Left atrium only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the right coronary artery supplies the right ventricle,
right atrium, and in most individuals, the inferior wall of the left ventricle via the
posterior descending artery.
Q12: Which structure anchors the atrioventricular valve leaflets to the ventricular
wall and prevents valve prolapse during systole?
A. Sinoatrial node
B. Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae [CORRECT]
C. Purkinje fibers
D. Coronary sinus
Correct Answer: B
(Questions and Answers) Latest Update 2026
Guaranteed Pass 100%
SECTION 1: Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology (Hartman Ch 1-2) — 15 Questions
Q1: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through which valve into the
pulmonary artery?
A. Mitral valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Pulmonic valve [CORRECT]
D. Tricuspid valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the pulmonic (pulmonary) valve is the semilunar valve
that separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery, preventing backflow
of blood into the ventricle during diastole.
Q2: Which coronary artery supplies blood to the anterior wall of the left ventricle
and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum?
A. Right coronary artery
B. Left circumflex artery
C. Left anterior descending artery [CORRECT]
D. Posterior descending artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, a branch of
the left main coronary artery, is the primary blood supply to the anterior left
ventricular wall and the anterior interventricular septum.
Q3: The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through which
structures?
A. Superior vena cava
B. Pulmonary veins [CORRECT]
,C. Pulmonary arteries
D. Coronary sinus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because the four pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs into the posterior aspect of the left atrium.
Q4: Which heart valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonic valve
C. Mitral (bicuspid) valve [CORRECT]
D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the mitral valve, also called the bicuspid valve, is the
atrioventricular valve that controls blood flow from the left atrium into the left
ventricle.
Q5: The tricuspid valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into
which chamber during systole?
A. Left atrium
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Right atrium [CORRECT]
D. Aorta
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because during right ventricular systole, the tricuspid valve
closes to prevent regurgitation of blood back into the right atrium.
Q6: Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardial wall due to the
highest pressure workload?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle [CORRECT]
,Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct because the left ventricle must generate systemic arterial
pressure (approximately 120 mmHg systolic), requiring significantly thicker
muscular walls than any other cardiac chamber.
Q7: The posterior descending artery (PDA) in most individuals is a branch of
which coronary artery?
A. Left anterior descending artery
B. Left circumflex artery
C. Right coronary artery [CORRECT]
D. Left main coronary artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because in approximately 85% of the population (right-
dominant circulation), the posterior descending artery arises from the right
coronary artery to supply the inferior wall and posterior septum.
Q8: Which structure separates the right and left atria?
A. Interventricular septum
B. Interatrial septum [CORRECT]
C. Papillary muscles
D. Chordae tendineae
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because the interatrial septum is the thin muscular wall that
divides the right atrium from the left atrium.
Q9: The aortic valve opens during which phase of the cardiac cycle?
A. Atrial systole
B. Isovolumetric relaxation
C. Ventricular systole [CORRECT]
D. Rapid ventricular filling
Correct Answer: C
, Rationale: Correct because the aortic valve opens during ventricular systole
when left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure, allowing ejection of blood
into the systemic circulation.
Q10: Which coronary artery branch supplies the lateral wall of the left ventricle?
A. Left anterior descending artery
B. Right coronary artery
C. Left circumflex artery [CORRECT]
D. Posterior descending artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the left circumflex artery, coursing in the left
atrioventricular groove, gives off obtuse marginal branches that supply the lateral
wall of the left ventricle.
Q11: The right coronary artery primarily supplies blood to which area of the
heart?
A. Anterior left ventricle
B. Lateral left ventricle
C. Right ventricle and inferior wall [CORRECT]
D. Left atrium only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because the right coronary artery supplies the right ventricle,
right atrium, and in most individuals, the inferior wall of the left ventricle via the
posterior descending artery.
Q12: Which structure anchors the atrioventricular valve leaflets to the ventricular
wall and prevents valve prolapse during systole?
A. Sinoatrial node
B. Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae [CORRECT]
C. Purkinje fibers
D. Coronary sinus
Correct Answer: B
