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# NURS 6501N CHAPTER 36: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – WEEK 11
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A
## GRADED A+ | 2026/2027 EDITION | WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
# DOMAIN 1: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS (Anemias, Clotting, MDS)
**Q1. Which of the following is the treatment of choice for 5q- syndrome?**
A. Cyclophosphamide
B. Furosemide
C. Nesiritide
D. Methotrexate
E. Lenalidomide
**Correct Answer: E. Lenalidomide**
*Rationale:* Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that is highly effective
in treating myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated 5q deletion (5q- syndrome). It
produces red blood cell transfusion independence in the majority of patients with
this specific genetic subtype.
---
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**Q2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding myelodysplastic
syndrome?**
A. Ring sideroblasts show copper deposits
B. Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia seen
C. Multilineage dysplasia is poor prognosis
D. Monocytes >1×10^9 = CMML
E. MDS can be pre-neoplastic
**Correct Answer: A. Ring sideroblasts show copper deposits**
*Rationale:* Ring sideroblasts show iron deposits (not copper) within
mitochondria of erythroblasts. The other statements are true: MDS presents with
cytopenias, multilineage dysplasia indicates worse prognosis, chronic
myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is diagnosed when monocytes exceed
1×10^9/L, and MDS can progress to acute myeloid leukemia.
---
**Q3. Which anemia is 5q syndrome associated with?**
A. Macrocytic anemia
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Microcytic anemia
D. Normocytic anemia
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E. Pernicious anemia
**Correct Answer: A. Macrocytic anemia**
*Rationale:* 5q- syndrome typically presents with macrocytic anemia (elevated
MCV), often with normal or elevated platelet counts. The anemia is usually severe
and transfusion-dependent.
---
**Q4. Which inherited disorder is MOST likely with Hb 7, WBC 0.2, platelets
30?**
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Muscular dystrophy
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Fanconi anemia
E. Thalassemia
**Correct Answer: D. Fanconi anemia**
*Rationale:* Fanconi anemia is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome
characterized by pancytopenia (low hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets)
that typically presents in childhood. The other options do not present with this
pattern of severe pancytopenia.
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---
**Q5. Which is used in diagnosis of aplastic anemia?**
A. Bone marrow aspiration
B. Bone marrow trephine biopsy
C. PCR
D. Peripheral smear
E. Genetic analysis
**Correct Answer: B. Bone marrow trephine biopsy**
*Rationale:* Bone marrow trephine biopsy is essential for diagnosing aplastic
anemia because it provides a core sample that shows hypocellularity with fatty
replacement. Aspiration alone may yield a "dry tap" due to marrow fibrosis.
---
**Q6. Which is NOT used in treatment of aplastic anemia?**
A. Anti-lymphocyte globulin
B. Cyclosporine
C. Transfusion
D. Plasmapheresis
E. Stem cell transplant
# NURS 6501N CHAPTER 36: ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY – WEEK 11
COMPREHENSIVE EXAM Q&A
## GRADED A+ | 2026/2027 EDITION | WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
# DOMAIN 1: HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS (Anemias, Clotting, MDS)
**Q1. Which of the following is the treatment of choice for 5q- syndrome?**
A. Cyclophosphamide
B. Furosemide
C. Nesiritide
D. Methotrexate
E. Lenalidomide
**Correct Answer: E. Lenalidomide**
*Rationale:* Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that is highly effective
in treating myelodysplastic syndrome with isolated 5q deletion (5q- syndrome). It
produces red blood cell transfusion independence in the majority of patients with
this specific genetic subtype.
---
,2|Page
**Q2. Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding myelodysplastic
syndrome?**
A. Ring sideroblasts show copper deposits
B. Anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia seen
C. Multilineage dysplasia is poor prognosis
D. Monocytes >1×10^9 = CMML
E. MDS can be pre-neoplastic
**Correct Answer: A. Ring sideroblasts show copper deposits**
*Rationale:* Ring sideroblasts show iron deposits (not copper) within
mitochondria of erythroblasts. The other statements are true: MDS presents with
cytopenias, multilineage dysplasia indicates worse prognosis, chronic
myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is diagnosed when monocytes exceed
1×10^9/L, and MDS can progress to acute myeloid leukemia.
---
**Q3. Which anemia is 5q syndrome associated with?**
A. Macrocytic anemia
B. Hemolytic anemia
C. Microcytic anemia
D. Normocytic anemia
,3|Page
E. Pernicious anemia
**Correct Answer: A. Macrocytic anemia**
*Rationale:* 5q- syndrome typically presents with macrocytic anemia (elevated
MCV), often with normal or elevated platelet counts. The anemia is usually severe
and transfusion-dependent.
---
**Q4. Which inherited disorder is MOST likely with Hb 7, WBC 0.2, platelets
30?**
A. Cystic fibrosis
B. Muscular dystrophy
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Fanconi anemia
E. Thalassemia
**Correct Answer: D. Fanconi anemia**
*Rationale:* Fanconi anemia is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome
characterized by pancytopenia (low hemoglobin, white blood cells, and platelets)
that typically presents in childhood. The other options do not present with this
pattern of severe pancytopenia.
, 4|Page
---
**Q5. Which is used in diagnosis of aplastic anemia?**
A. Bone marrow aspiration
B. Bone marrow trephine biopsy
C. PCR
D. Peripheral smear
E. Genetic analysis
**Correct Answer: B. Bone marrow trephine biopsy**
*Rationale:* Bone marrow trephine biopsy is essential for diagnosing aplastic
anemia because it provides a core sample that shows hypocellularity with fatty
replacement. Aspiration alone may yield a "dry tap" due to marrow fibrosis.
---
**Q6. Which is NOT used in treatment of aplastic anemia?**
A. Anti-lymphocyte globulin
B. Cyclosporine
C. Transfusion
D. Plasmapheresis
E. Stem cell transplant
