NUR 203/NUR203 Final Exam V1 |
Pediatric Nursing Q&A with Rationale |
Fortis College
1. A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child during a routine check-up. According to Erikson,
which psychosocial stage is this child currently navigating?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: According to Erikson’s theory, children aged 3 to 6 years are in the
stage of Initiative vs. Guilt. During this period, they explore their environment and take on
new challenges to develop a sense of purpose. If their efforts are overly criticized or
restricted, they may develop a sense of guilt regarding their desires.
2. A 10-month-old infant is admitted with suspected intussusception. Which clinical
manifestation is most characteristic of this condition?
A. Projectile vomiting
B. Ribbon-like stools
C. Steatorrhea
,D. Currant jelly-like stools
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Intussusception occurs when one portion of the intestine telescopes
into another, leading to obstruction and vascular compromise. The classic sign is ‘currant
jelly’ stools, which consist of blood and mucus mixed together. This is a medical emergency
that requires prompt intervention to prevent bowel necrosis.
3. The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child newly diagnosed with Cystic
Fibrosis. What is the primary purpose of administering pancreatic enzymes before meals?
A. To prevent respiratory infections
B. To facilitate the absorption of fats and proteins
C. To decrease the viscosity of mucus secretions
D. To maintain electrolyte balance
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: In Cystic Fibrosis, thick mucus blocks the pancreatic ducts,
preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the duodenum. Administering exogenous
pancreatic enzymes helps the body break down and absorb essential nutrients, particularly
fats and proteins. Failure to take these enzymes results in malabsorption and poor weight
gain.
, 4. An infant is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. Which position should the nurse
immediately place the infant in during a hypercyanotic (‘tet’) spell?
A. Supine
B. High Fowler’s
C. Trendelenburg
D. Knee-chest
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt across the ventricular septal defect. This
maneuver increases pulmonary blood flow and improves oxygenation during a cyanotic
episode. It is the priority nursing intervention when a child presents with sudden
respiratory distress and cyanosis.
5. A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic for a well-child visit. Which toy would be most
appropriate for the nurse to suggest to promote developmental milestones?
A. A mobile with bright colors
B. A cooperative board game
C. A chemistry set
D. Large building blocks
Correct Answer: D
Pediatric Nursing Q&A with Rationale |
Fortis College
1. A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child during a routine check-up. According to Erikson,
which psychosocial stage is this child currently navigating?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Trust vs. Mistrust
D. Industry vs. Inferiority
Correct Answer: A
Expert Explanation: According to Erikson’s theory, children aged 3 to 6 years are in the
stage of Initiative vs. Guilt. During this period, they explore their environment and take on
new challenges to develop a sense of purpose. If their efforts are overly criticized or
restricted, they may develop a sense of guilt regarding their desires.
2. A 10-month-old infant is admitted with suspected intussusception. Which clinical
manifestation is most characteristic of this condition?
A. Projectile vomiting
B. Ribbon-like stools
C. Steatorrhea
,D. Currant jelly-like stools
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: Intussusception occurs when one portion of the intestine telescopes
into another, leading to obstruction and vascular compromise. The classic sign is ‘currant
jelly’ stools, which consist of blood and mucus mixed together. This is a medical emergency
that requires prompt intervention to prevent bowel necrosis.
3. The nurse is providing education to the parents of a child newly diagnosed with Cystic
Fibrosis. What is the primary purpose of administering pancreatic enzymes before meals?
A. To prevent respiratory infections
B. To facilitate the absorption of fats and proteins
C. To decrease the viscosity of mucus secretions
D. To maintain electrolyte balance
Correct Answer: B
Expert Explanation: In Cystic Fibrosis, thick mucus blocks the pancreatic ducts,
preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the duodenum. Administering exogenous
pancreatic enzymes helps the body break down and absorb essential nutrients, particularly
fats and proteins. Failure to take these enzymes results in malabsorption and poor weight
gain.
, 4. An infant is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot. Which position should the nurse
immediately place the infant in during a hypercyanotic (‘tet’) spell?
A. Supine
B. High Fowler’s
C. Trendelenburg
D. Knee-chest
Correct Answer: D
Expert Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which helps reduce the right-to-left shunt across the ventricular septal defect. This
maneuver increases pulmonary blood flow and improves oxygenation during a cyanotic
episode. It is the priority nursing intervention when a child presents with sudden
respiratory distress and cyanosis.
5. A 2-year-old child is brought to the clinic for a well-child visit. Which toy would be most
appropriate for the nurse to suggest to promote developmental milestones?
A. A mobile with bright colors
B. A cooperative board game
C. A chemistry set
D. Large building blocks
Correct Answer: D
