Anthropology 2200 exam 1 osu advanced preset questions and answers pass guaranteed

Four subfields of anthropology - correct answers 1. cultural anthropology 2. linguistic anthropology 3. physical/biological anthropology 4. archaeology Cultural anthropology - correct answers Study of culture of present day societies Ethnography - correct answers Collection of qualitative data about beliefs, values, and social behaviors. i.e interviewing, observing, surveying Linguistic anthropology - correct answers Study of the construction/use of language Sociolinguistics - correct answers How social contexts (race, gender) influence the way people talk Physical/biological anthropology - correct answers Study of the past and present -human biological evolution -human bicultural variation Hominins - correct answers Earliest organisms with human traits When did humans diverge from chimps? - correct answers 5-7 mya ago Archaeology - correct answers Study of past human societies usually through material remains of past cultures (artifacts) -trash, pottery, fossils Biocultural Concept - correct answers Biological makeup is influenced by your inherited genes and the environment -climate, diet, activity, stress -Important because scientists used to think pre determined by genes (before 15th century) Scala Natura (great chain of being) - correct answers Hierarchy of Perfection -religious belief system derived from aristotle/plato -minerals-plants-animals-humans-angels-god 19th century evolution - correct answers Evolution is simple- complex Unilinear Evolution - correct answers Cultures pass through stages of increasingly complex cultures -groups tech. & social organization was thought to be determined by stage of cultural evolution Social Darwinism - correct answers Cultures evolve to become more civilized by COMPETING with other groups -survival of fittest Franz Boas () - correct answers Father of american anthro. -promoted 4 fields approach -cranial measurements in immigrant parents vs. kids -HEAVY INFLUENCE OF ENVIRO Biocultural Perspective - correct answers Genes dont determine everything Culture - correct answers "Learned behavior that is transmitted from person to person" -Cant exist in just one person... something that is SHARED Holistic - correct answers Anthro. is holistic: it is multidisciplinary and incorporates many perspectives. What physical anthropologists do - correct answers -primatology (study non human primates) -paleoanthropology (fossils and lineages) -human biology (human growth and development) -skeletal biology & osteology (bone structure & function) -forensics (identification: criminal cases, mass disasters) -bioarchaeology (features of skeletons) Bipedalism - correct answers Walking on 2 feet (6 mya) Non-Honing Chewing - correct answers Simple canine teeth (5.5 mya) Dependence on material culture - correct answers Objects used to manipulate environment (2.6 mya) Organized Hunting - correct answers Use tools and travel long distance (1 mya) Speech - correct answers Brain regions and throat anatomy (2.5 mya) Domestication of plants/animals - correct answers 11,000 years ago Data - correct answers Evidence that helps answers questions, solve problems Law - correct answers Generalization about principle/pattern in nature -The "What" will happen under certain conditions Theory - correct answers Explanation for phenomenon -The "Why" it happens Hypothesis - correct answers Testable prediction that might describe (law) or explain a phenomenon (theory) -can explain observations -predict future results -be refuted by new evidence Darwin's evolution - correct answers Biological changes over multiple generations Modern Scientist's evolution - correct answers Genetic changes over multiple generations -Evolutions is an observation (fact) about the natural world Middle Ages - correct answers Biblical, belief in young, static earth. World is immutable and archbishop James Ussher (1648) calculated earths creation based on bible. Immutable - correct answers Unchanging George-Louis Leclerc - correct answers French naturalist, said earth started as molten rock and needed to cool down -earth is between 75000-3 mill years James Hutton - correct answers Found unconformities or boundaries between bed rock -Rock cycle, requires millions of years for rock layers to build Charles Lylle - correct answers Scottish geologist, sea level changes, volcanoes, valleys -uniformitarianism Uniformatarianism - correct answers Earth is changed by natural processes operating both today and in the past Nicolas Steno - correct answers "tongue stones" -really are fossils -corpuscles of teeth replaced by minerals Robert Hooke - correct answers Fossil wood and living have same structure Fossil - correct answers Remains of organism replacement of organic with inorganic George Cuvier - correct answers Elephant fossils different in paris than in asia/india Catastrophism - correct answers Extinction due to mass disaster: floods, volcanoes, earthquakes) -George Cuvier Extinction - correct answers Occurs due to forces of evolution John Ray - correct answers Searched for divine organization of species -grouped species based on several features -Species: ultimate unit of taxony (classification of life forms) Chevalier de Lemarck - correct answers Lemarckian Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics -Actions during life causes new traits in the body, changes are passed down to offspring -based off of DESIRE to change -not seen in real life: body building, ear cropping in dogs Charles Darwin () - correct answers Naturalist on HMS Beagle, travelled around world -variation in habitat=variation in physical traits -similar species in diff. locations seem to have common ancestor Species - correct answers Group of interbreeding organisms that produce fertile viable offspring Habitat - correct answers Specific natural environment in which an organism lives Endemic - correct answers Only found in one location in the world Galapagos Island: Mocking Birds - correct answers Similar to South American species= not static, changing over time -species varied between islands (beak shape and color) Adaptive Radiation - correct answers One ancestor species diverges over many years into multiple species Finches - correct answers Darwins most famous research