SPLH 620 ALL CORE MAIN EXAM 2026 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔vestibular system - ✔✔composed of 3 semicircular canals that provide the sense of
balance, coordination, & spatial awareness/orientation
✔✔the vestibular system is composed of: - ✔✔-2 otolith organs
-3 semicircular canals
✔✔semicircular canals - ✔✔three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our
sense of balance & detect angular acceleration
-anterior
-posterior
-horizontal
✔✔semicircular canals - ✔✔
✔✔ampulla - ✔✔dilated portion of a semicircular canals
-contain hair cells
-detect movement
✔✔hair cells found in the _____________ respond to endolymph flow. - ✔✔cupula
✔✔ampulla - ✔✔
✔✔otolith organs - ✔✔utricle & saccule
-detect linear acceleration
✔✔utricle - ✔✔sensitive to linear acceleration on: horizontal plane
✔✔saccule - ✔✔sensitive to linear acceleration on: vertical plane
✔✔macula - ✔✔a patch of hair cells and supporting cells
-bottom of utricle
-walls of saccule
✔✔vestibular pathway - ✔✔-vestibular sense organs
-vestibular ganglion
-vestibular nuclei (superior, medial, lateral, inferior)
*THEN*
-cerebellum (ascending)
-thalamus/cerebral cortex (ascending)
-oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nuclei (ascending)
-spinal cord/motor nuclei of extraocular muscles (descending)
, ✔✔vestibular pathway - ✔✔
✔✔2 descending pathways - ✔✔#1
-lateral vestibular nucleus
-to "LVST"
-to spinal cord
#2
-medial vestibular nucleus
- to "MVST"
-to spinal cord
✔✔lateral vestibular nucleus pathway... - ✔✔-descending ---> along LVST to the spinal
cord
-ipsilateral
-posture/walk upright
✔✔medial vestibular nucleus pathway... - ✔✔-descending ---> along MVST to the spinal
cord
-bilateral
-head movement/ integrate head & eye movements
✔✔3 ascending pathways - ✔✔#1
-superior & medial vestibular nuclei
-to "MLF"
-to nuclei of extraocular muscles
#2
-medial & inferior vestibular nuclei
- to "ICP"
-cerebellum
#3
-superior vestibular nucleus
-to "VPL"
-cortex
✔✔superior & medial vestibular nuclei pathway... - ✔✔-ascending ---> along MLF to
extraocular muscles (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens)
-coordinate eye movements w/ head movement
✔✔medial & inferior vestibular nuclei pathway... - ✔✔-ascending ---> along ICP to the
cerebellum
-coordinates posture
ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔vestibular system - ✔✔composed of 3 semicircular canals that provide the sense of
balance, coordination, & spatial awareness/orientation
✔✔the vestibular system is composed of: - ✔✔-2 otolith organs
-3 semicircular canals
✔✔semicircular canals - ✔✔three fluid-filled canals in the inner ear responsible for our
sense of balance & detect angular acceleration
-anterior
-posterior
-horizontal
✔✔semicircular canals - ✔✔
✔✔ampulla - ✔✔dilated portion of a semicircular canals
-contain hair cells
-detect movement
✔✔hair cells found in the _____________ respond to endolymph flow. - ✔✔cupula
✔✔ampulla - ✔✔
✔✔otolith organs - ✔✔utricle & saccule
-detect linear acceleration
✔✔utricle - ✔✔sensitive to linear acceleration on: horizontal plane
✔✔saccule - ✔✔sensitive to linear acceleration on: vertical plane
✔✔macula - ✔✔a patch of hair cells and supporting cells
-bottom of utricle
-walls of saccule
✔✔vestibular pathway - ✔✔-vestibular sense organs
-vestibular ganglion
-vestibular nuclei (superior, medial, lateral, inferior)
*THEN*
-cerebellum (ascending)
-thalamus/cerebral cortex (ascending)
-oculomotor, trochlear, abducens nuclei (ascending)
-spinal cord/motor nuclei of extraocular muscles (descending)
, ✔✔vestibular pathway - ✔✔
✔✔2 descending pathways - ✔✔#1
-lateral vestibular nucleus
-to "LVST"
-to spinal cord
#2
-medial vestibular nucleus
- to "MVST"
-to spinal cord
✔✔lateral vestibular nucleus pathway... - ✔✔-descending ---> along LVST to the spinal
cord
-ipsilateral
-posture/walk upright
✔✔medial vestibular nucleus pathway... - ✔✔-descending ---> along MVST to the spinal
cord
-bilateral
-head movement/ integrate head & eye movements
✔✔3 ascending pathways - ✔✔#1
-superior & medial vestibular nuclei
-to "MLF"
-to nuclei of extraocular muscles
#2
-medial & inferior vestibular nuclei
- to "ICP"
-cerebellum
#3
-superior vestibular nucleus
-to "VPL"
-cortex
✔✔superior & medial vestibular nuclei pathway... - ✔✔-ascending ---> along MLF to
extraocular muscles (oculomotor, trochlear, abducens)
-coordinate eye movements w/ head movement
✔✔medial & inferior vestibular nuclei pathway... - ✔✔-ascending ---> along ICP to the
cerebellum
-coordinates posture
