AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔time-based system - ✔✔Compensation based on time an employee has worked
during a pay period.
✔✔work measurement - ✔✔Determining how long it should take to do a job.
✔✔work sampling - ✔✔Technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or
machine spends on various activities and the idle time.
✔✔worker-machine chart - ✔✔Chart used to determine portions of a work cycle during
which an operator and equipment are busy or idle.
✔✔center of gravity method - ✔✔Method for locating a distribution center that minimizes
distribution cost.
✔✔clustering - ✔✔Similar types of businesses locate near each other.
✔✔factor rating - ✔✔General approach to evaluating locations that includes quantitative
and qualitative inputs.
✔✔geographic information system (GIS) - ✔✔A computer-based tool for collecting,
storing, retrieving, and displaying demographic data on maps.
✔✔locational cost-profit-volume analysis - ✔✔Technique for evaluating location choices
in economic terms.
✔✔microfactory - ✔✔Small factory with a narrow product focus, located near major
markets.
✔✔appraisal costs - ✔✔Costs of activities designed to ensure quality or uncover
defects.
✔✔Baldrige Award - ✔✔Annual award given by the U.S. government to recognize
quality achievements of U.S. companies.
✔✔benchmarking - ✔✔Process of measuring performance against the best in the same
or another industry.
✔✔brainstorming - ✔✔Technique for generating a free flow of ideas in a group of
people.
,✔✔cause-and-effect (fishbone) diagram - ✔✔A diagram used to search for the cause(s)
of a problem; also called fishbone diagram.
✔✔check sheet - ✔✔A tool for recording and organizing data to identify a problem.
✔✔continuous improvement - ✔✔Philosophy that seeks to make never-ending
improvements to the process of converting inputs into outputs.
✔✔control chart - ✔✔A statistical chart of time-ordered values of a sample statistic.
✔✔Deming Prize - ✔✔Prize established by the Japanese and awarded annually to firms
that distinguish themselves with quality management programs.
✔✔DMAIC - ✔✔A six-sigma process: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control.
✔✔European Quality Award - ✔✔European award for organizational excellence.
✔✔external failures - ✔✔Failures discovered after delivery to the customer.
✔✔fail-safing - ✔✔Incorporating design elements that prevent incorrect procedures.
✔✔failure costs - ✔✔Costs caused by defective parts or products or by faulty services.
✔✔flowchart - ✔✔A diagram of the steps in a process.
✔✔histogram - ✔✔A chart of an empirical frequency distribution.
✔✔internal failures - ✔✔Failures discovered during production.
✔✔ISO 9000 - ✔✔A set of international standards on quality management and quality
assurance, critical to international business.
✔✔ISO 14000 - ✔✔A set of international standards for assessing a company's
environmental performance.
✔✔ISO 24700 - ✔✔A set of international standards that pertains to the quality and
performance of office equipment that contains reused components.
✔✔kaizen - ✔✔Japanese term for continuous improvement.
✔✔lean/six sigma - ✔✔An approach to continuous improvement that integrates lean
operation principles and six-sigma techniques.
, ✔✔Pareto analysis - ✔✔Technique for classifying problem areas according to degree of
importance, and focusing on the most important.
✔✔plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycle - ✔✔A framework for problem solving and
improvement activities.
✔✔prevention costs - ✔✔Costs of preventing defects from occurring.
✔✔process improvement - ✔✔A systematic approach to improving a process.
✔✔quality - ✔✔The ability of a product or service to consistently meet or exceed
customer expectations.
✔✔quality at the source - ✔✔The philosophy of making each worker responsible for the
quality of his or her work.
✔✔quality circles - ✔✔Groups of workers who meet to discuss ways of improving
products or processes.
✔✔quality of conformance - ✔✔The degree to which goods or services conform to the
intent of the designers.
✔✔quality of design - ✔✔Intention of designers to include or exclude features in a
product or service.
✔✔return on quality - ✔✔An approach that evaluates the financial return of investments
in quality.
✔✔run chart - ✔✔Tool for tracking results over a period of time.
✔✔scatter diagram - ✔✔A graph that shows the degree and direction of relationship
between two variables.
✔✔six sigma - ✔✔A business process for improving quality, reducing costs, and
increasing customer satisfaction.
✔✔total quality management (TQM) - ✔✔A philosophy that involves everyone in an
organization in a continual effort to improve quality and achieve customer satisfaction.
✔✔mean control chart - ✔✔Control chart used to monitor the central tendency of a
process.
✔✔p-chart - ✔✔Control chart for attributes, used to monitor the proportion of defective
items in a process.